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The USAID Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Partnerships and Learning for Sustainability (WASHPaLS) project conducted a review of the scientific and grey literature, complemented by dozens of key informant interviews with researchers and field implementers, to synthesize the latest understanding of key pathways of fecal microbe ingestion by infants and young children (IYC) and their links to …
This desk review examines the refereed and gray literature on Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), with the central objective of assessing the knowledge base on best practices and identifying evidence gaps to inform the project’s research agenda (to generate findings that improve policy and practice).
The review offers a description of the CLTS intervention, tracing its evolution in theory …
Two and a half years after the first ecological sanitation conference in Bonn, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and the International Water Association (IWA) jointly organised and held the 2nd International Symposium on ecological sanitation “ecosan – closing the loop” in April 2003 in Lübeck.
According to the World Health Organization/United Nations International Children’s Fund Joint Monitoring Program, 494 million people practice open defecation globally. After achieving open defecation-free (ODF) status through efforts such as Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), communities (particularly vulnerable households) may revert to open defecation, especially when toilet collapse is …
Habiganj is a fast-growing city, which is 159 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Khowai River and well connected with road and water. It is one of the oldest towns in the sub-continent and was declared Municipality in 1881. Habiganj is one of the 53 district level municipalities in the country
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), …
Shivaraj Municipality, established in 2014 through the merger of eight Village Development Committees (VDCs) in the Kapilvastu district, Nepal, encompasses 248.08 square kilometres.
The 2021 census reports a population of 84,810 in 16,241 households, with a gender distribution of 51.3% male and 48.7% female.
The SFD graphic shows that 49% of the excreta or faecal sludge generated are safely …
Bheriganga Municipality is in Surkhet District, Karnali Province of Nepal. It has a total of 13 wards and covers an area of 256.2 km2. It was established on 2 December 2014.
According to national population and housing census 2021, the municipality has a total population of 48,203 and 11,539 households. The total male and female populations are 22,538 and 25,665 respectively. The population …
Kushtia is a fast-growing city located along the Dhaka- N1 and Rajshahi-Kushtia highway and 171 km West of Dhaka. It is beside the Madhumati River and is well connected with road, water, and railways. It is one of the oldest towns in the sub-continent and was declared a municipality in 1869.
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the Kushtia …
Manikganj is a fast-growing city, which is 54 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Kaliganga River and well connected with road and waterway. It is one of the oldest towns and was declared Municipality in 1972.
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the Manikganj city population was 71,698. The urban population growth is 2% per year. …
Mymensingh is a fast-growing city, which is 112 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Brahmaputra River and well connected with road, water, and railways. It is one of the oldest towns in the sub-continent and was declared City Corporation in 2018.
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the Mymensingh city population was 512,062. The …
Moulvibazar is a fast-growing city, which is 203 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Manu River and well connected with road and water. It is one of the oldest towns in the sub-continent and was declared Municipality in 1987.
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the Moulvibazar Population was 56,537. The urban population growth in …
This study compares pit-latrine emptying businesses in Kampala, Uganda, and Kigali, Rwanda, focusing on resources, methods, and tariffs. Empirical data from Forever Sanitation and Pit Vidura show challenges with portable vacuum pumps in hard-to-reach areas, highlighting the need for formal manual emptying for some customers where mechanical methods are not viable. Manual emptying has similar …
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