Sanitation Library
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LEDeG and BORDA have been working in partnership since 1987. Initially cooperation was focused on renewable energy projects which provided electricity to 67 villages through micro-hydro technology. The cooperation was later expanded to include a range of income generation activities such as food processing, handicrafts and food production. In recent years the cooperation has evolved to focus on …
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ENPHO and BORDA have been working in partnership since 2004 to improve living conditions and to protect natural resources and climatic conditions in inadequately served urban and peri-urban settlements in South Asia. Concentrated in the field of urban sanitation, key achievements include technical support and scaling up of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS), introducing Faecal …
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Safety of sanitation workers remains an often-ignored aspect in Fecal Sludge Management. While shifting workers from manual to mechanical means of de-sludging remains a priority, this paper highlights that there are a number of safety issues, including exposure to sludge, faced by sanitation workers, even in a mechanised context, where de-sludging trucks are utilised to provide de-sludging …
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Demonstration of Pro-poor Market-based Solutions for Faecal Sludge Management in Urban Areas of Southern Bangladesh is a project implemented by SNV Netherlands Development Organisation in partnership with Khulna City Corporation, Jhenaidah and Kushtia Paurashavas. Improvement of working conditions in sludge emptying and transportation is identified as a major area of action under the project. In …
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In Bangladesh, the most commonly used sanitation options such as pit-latrines and pour-flush latrine use pits or septic tanks for containing faecal sludge (FS) for a certain period of time which require regular emptying when the tanks or pits become full. This emptying and disposing of faecal sludge is usually performed in a traditional (manual) way by a certain group of people in the society …
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The main objective of this baseline study was to understand the current situation of faecal sludge management (FSM) and practices of residential premises in three cities in southern Bangladesh: Khulna, Kushtia and Jhenaidah. A second objective was to establish a benchmark for the FSM programme.
The baseline consists of two parts:
1) A quantitative part measuring access to sanitation, hygiene …
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Volume 4 of the Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater provides information on the assessment and management of risks associated with microbial hazards. It explains requirements to promote the safe use of excreta and greywater in agriculture, including minimum procedures and specific health-based targets, and how those requirements are intended to be used. This volume …
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This report from a research project funded by the Water Research Commission is divided into 2 volumes.
Volume 1:
In South Africa, the Pour-Flush system is viewed as an upgrade from the Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP), which is the standard for basic sanitation in the country. PID successfully ran a pilot scheme involving the installation of approximately 25 Pour-Flush latrines in the …
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Solar thermal energy, an abundant and free source of energy in the world, particularly in a major part of developing countries, could supplement heat for drying purposes, leading to the decrease of the operating costs. In the sanitation sector, the use of solar energy for faecal sludge drying has been minimal, with only a few cases. Possible reasons for the low use of solar drying is the lack of …
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The current document presents the City Sanitation Plan for PNP. PNP is one of the cluster towns selected for implementing fecal sludge management in Tamil Nadu. This plan is curated from the sanitation situation analysis which included identifying major components of sanitation (water supply, storm water drainage and solid waste management), issues related to it, and possible solutions.
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Safe collection and safe disposal of fecal sludge is a critical component of septage management in which desludging operators play a central role. In order to understand their work, consultations were conducted with desludging operators in the Periyanaicken Palayam and Narasimhanaicken Palayam town panchayats of Coimbatore district. These consultations aimed to understand the current desludging …
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This is a Compendium of technology options for various components in the urban sanitation chain. This Compendium is contextual to the geographic and economic conditions for the state of Tamil Nadu and aims to provide the user with a broad range of innovative sanitation systems and technologies that can be implemented on the ground. This document is designed to act as a reference guide and …
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On-site sanitation systems (OSS) remain the dominant household arrangement across the state of Tamil Nadu for urban sanitation. Given that these OSS are spread over different hydrogeological zones, factors such as aquifer systems, soil drainage characteristics, groundwater levels and flood hazard areas have a bearing on their suitability. A study was undertaken for the state of Tamil Nadu to …
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TNUSSP carried out a baseline study in 36 ULBs across seven different agro- climatic zones to develop an understanding of the sanitation situation across the various region in the State of Tamil Nadu. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to elicit information from various stakeholders including household members, masons, public toilet and community toilet …
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Faecal sludge management is recognized globally as an essential component of city-wide inclusive sanitation. However, a major gap in developing appropriate and adequate management and monitoring for faecal sludge is the ability to understand and predict the characteristics and volumes of accumulated faecal sludge, and correlations to source populations. Since standard methods for sampling and …
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Kalpetta is a town and a municipality in the Wayanad district, state of Kerala, India. The FSTP uses vermifiltration where worm-based sludge treatment is combined with water filtration to digest organic matter present in septage. The worms need only air, water, and sludge (food) to operate efficiently as a part of the vermifiltration system.
The Tiger Biofilter technique is based on …
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This toolkit (in English) is intended for practitioners and designers of faecal sludge management systems. It is a useful toolkit for managing faecal sludge in rural areas. It fills a gap in know-how and is of use to planners and practitioners to improve the management of faecal sludge in rural areas. While written with India in mind, it can be used in other developing countries.
A hindi …
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The Faecal Sludge and Septage Management: Service Business Models shares leading practices and innovations to improve how faecal sludge is managed, and how to expand services to the millions of people living in thousands of cities in urban India, lacking access to safely managed sanitation.
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Over the course of three months, a Working Group comprised of over 50 organizations explored the use of blended finance in two important segments of water service delivery and sanitation: (1) repair and maintenance of water infrastructure in less densely populated areas; and (2) fecal sludge management. Commissioned by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), this Outcome …
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The central questions that this thematic note seeks to address include: What can municipalities learn about creating a conducive enabling environment for faecal sludge management (FSM)? How can engineers create Faecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP) designs that work well on the ground both technically and financially?
The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) has made significant strides in addressing …
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The aim of this document is to provide an overview of the possibilities for resource recovery from sanitation and provide guidance on treatment processes to achieve safe products for reuse. The focus of this document is on resource recovery from the organic wastes managed in sanitation systems and, to a lesser extent, on the recovery of water and energy generation. Resource recovery sanitation …
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An excreta flow diagram (also often described as shit flow diagram, SFD) presents a clear picture of the outcome arising from wastewater and faecal sludge management practices and services in a city or town. This is expressed in terms of the percentage of the population. An accompanying report describes the service delivery context of the city or town.
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El proyecto tiene como objetivo mejorar la gestión de los lodos fecales domiciliarios en las zonas periurbanas de la ciudad de Santa Cruz en la cadena de valor del servicio de limpieza y recolección de lodos fecales domiciliarios en sus
eslabones de generación, recolección, transporte y tratamiento,así como facilitar la regulación de los servicios de limpieza, transporte y disposición …
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This publication is the final technical report of a project, which was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The link to the project can be seen below.
Drying is a relevant unit operation during faecal sludge and fresh faeces treatment. It allows the removal of moisture from the faecal matter and its disinfection, so making it safer to handle, easier to transport and a more suitable …
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Worldwide over the last years, a shift has taken place in the acceptance of faecal sludge management (FSM). It is now considered by many to be a viable solution alongside sewer-based systems in achieving citywide inclusive sanitation, and faecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) are starting to be constructed throughout Asia and Africa. For example, more than 40 FSTPs started operation in India and …
