World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (2008) Sanitation Demand and Supply in Cambodia Identifying Constraints to Increasing Sanitation Coverage

Analysis of the sanitation supply chain and household sanitation demand shows that growth in coverage can be stimulated by making sanitation products and services more available, attractive and affordable while at the same time overcoming the prevalent high-end facility preference.

World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (2004) The Case for Marketing Sanitation

Access to sanitation – the hygienic disposal of human excreta – has been largely achieved through the private sector supplying individual households. Evidence from what works indicates that development of the market is the only sustainable approach to meeting the need for sanitation in the developing world. This field note explains the marketing approach and suggests that it should be promoted as a central feature […]

CDAC Network, ACAPS (2014) Assessing Information and Communication Needs: A Quick and Easy Guide for Those Working in Humanitarian Response

World Vision (2020) Nurturing Care Groups Project Model

CBM (2019) Disability and Gender Analysis Toolkit

CAWST (2009) Three Pile Sorting Instructions. WASH Education and Training Resources

These instructions explain how to facilitate the three pile sorting activity with a group of people.

WRC (2012) In Search of Safety and Solutions Somali Refugee Adolescent Girls at Sheder and Aw Barre Camps, Ethiopia

The Women’s Refugee Commission completed a research mission to the Jijiga Somali refugee camps in Ethiopia in April 2012. The research mission was the first of three such missions, which are part of a threeyear global advocacy research project aimed at enhancing the safety and resilience of adolescent girls ages 10 to 16. The purpose of the three-week visit to Ethiopia was to assess Somali […]

CAWST (2017) Community WASH Promotion Trainer Manual

This manual is for trainers who are interested in delivering training on Community WASH Promotion. It includes lesson plans, agendas, forms, and guidance on training delivery.

WYG International (2009) Summary Stakeholder Analysis Water Supply and Sanitation Services ADB TA 7240-UZB

An analysis of the stakeholders of the proposed WSSS Improvement Investment Program has identified the individuals, groups and organizations that will be influenced by and affected by the water supply and sanitation services sub-projects.These stakeholders include: government ministries and agencies, provincial organizations, town residents at household-level, the private sector. The analysis reviewed secondary data, household survey data, key informant interview transcripts and focus group reports, […]

Castro, V., Msuya, N., Makoye, C. (2009) Sustainable Community Management of Urban Water and Sanitation Schemes. A Training Manual

The aim of this capacity building programme is to improve the efficiency and positive impact of urban, community-managed water and sanitation schemes. The manual was originally developed in collaboration with the Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority’s (DAWASA) Community Water Supply and Sanitation Program (CWSSP); but some of the material is applicable to other urban communities who may need to improve their management practices […]

CARE Australia (2014) Gender Equality Programming - Guidance Note: WASH. Ensuring Gender Equality Programming in Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion

The intent of this guidance note is to increase awareness among CARE’s WASH practitioners of gender issues, ensuring emergency WASH programs are viewed with a gender lens. The content is not original, rather an amalgamation of various guidance and best practice, distilled here to provide a more concise reference tool for CARE’s WASH staff to meet minimum WASH and gender equality standards.

CARE (0) Rapid Gender Analysis

Rapid Gender Analysis (RGA) provides information about the different needs, capacities and coping strategies of women, men, boys and girls in a crisis situation.

Cardon, A. (2015) The ABCD Approach. Handbook and Tools. Approach Focused on Behaviour Change Determinants

Cabañero-Verzosa, C. (2005) Counting on Communication: The Uganda Nutrition and Early Childhood Development Project

The Uganda Nutrition and Early Childhood Development Project was one of the World Bank's first projects to demonstrate the value-added of strategic communication. The strategic communication component developed for this project included the use of formative research about values and attitudes with respect to child rearing, in order to develop and test effective messages. The communication strategy was developed in a highly participatory manner and […]

Bugge, J. (2017) Rumour has it: A Practice Guide to Working with Rumours

Several members of the Communicating with Disaster Affected Communities (CDAC) Network have recognised the need to work with rumours in their missions to prevent the loss of lives and alleviate suffering. Notably, Internews with their pioneering inter-agency model, the World Health Organisation and United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs have made considerable efforts to innovate in this area and engage other humanitarian […]

Brewis, A., Wutich, A. (2019) Why We Should Never Do It: Stigma as a Behavior Change Tool

Stigma is used as a tool for motivating health behaviour change, often effective at budging otherwise hard-to-shift behaviour. Shame-induced stigma most damages those already vulnerable, reinforcing health disparities. Global health use of shaming tactics can inadvertently worsen health-damaging stigma, especially for those with the least power. These effects, that drive additional health disparities and suffering, are difficult to prevent. Ethically and practically, stigma should never be deployed as a […]

Bourne, S. (2019) User-Centred Design and Humanitarian Adaptiveness

Gathering and acting on feedback from affected communities is a key means to identify potential triggers for change during the design and implementation of humanitarian programmes. This study is focused on user-centred design (UCD), an approach often used outside the humanitarian sector to design products and services that are tailored to the needs and preferences of end-users and are created with the users’ involvement in […]

Bonino, F., Warner, A. (2014) What Makes Feedback Mechanisms Work?

This literature review supports a broader ALNAP and CDA initiative aiming at producing evidence-informed guidance for humanitarian agencies on ways to strengthen the effectiveness of mechanisms for gathering feedback from affected populations in humanitarian contexts. It focuses on two key questions: (1) why and how humanitarian agencies seek, process, and respond to feedback from affected populations and (2) which elements have been identified as having […]

Bonino, F., Jean, I., Clarke, P.K. (2014) Humanitarian Feedback Mechanisms: Research, Evidence and Guidance

In 2012 ALNAP and CDA started collaborating on action research looking at feedback mechanisms in humanitarian contexts, to establish what makes them work effectively and to focus on bringing different stakeholders’ perspectives – particularly those of crisis-affected people – into the conversation. The case studies document the experience of three different agencies that use feedback mechanisms as part of their humanitarian programmes and operations: World […]

Bolton, L., Kanguru, L. (2013) Helpdesk Report: Community-Led Total Sanitation in Africa

Evidence and comments suggest that CLTS has been successful in some cases in Africa, however it is difficult to find strong data to support this. Claims to have achieved Open Defecation Free (ODF) status have often been exaggerated and estimates of numbers of ODF communities inflated. Verification systems need to be improved. Another problem is that ODF is an absolute condition, important as a community objective […]