Sanitation Library
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The Sanitation Workers Knowledge + Learning Hub is the best source for all current news, trends, articles and updates on sanitation workers rights around the world.
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This desk review from the USAID/WASHPaLS project investigates the current state of knowledge in market-based sanitation (MBS) and establishes a framework to analyze, design, and improve MBS interventions. This report is based on a survey of approximately 600 documents on MBS, in-depth research into 13 MBS intervention case studies across the global south, and interviews with sector experts and …
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Massive amounts of investment are needed to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for water supply and sanitation. However, several challenges have limited the ability to mobilize commercial finance for the sector, including a complex political economy, high transaction costs and an unclear regulatory environment. Investment platforms are an online tool for bringing …
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Realizing its commitment to providing universal access to sanitation, the Government of Indonesia aims to shift from open defecation free into safely managed sanitation as the national plan for sanitation is targeting to provide 15% of the population with access to safely managed sanitation. Based on the Statistics Bureau, in 2019, there are 77.44% households that have access to sanitation in …
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A preliminary assessment was conducted to assess the need of governments to provide sustainable financing for safely managed sanitation in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with the new National Medium-Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional, the RPJMN) 2020-2024. The assessment started by identifying various funding options from a range …
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Sanitation for Millions is a global multi-donor programme to improve access to safe sanitation and hygiene with a focus on vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. More than one million people in 14 countries have already benefitted directly from Sanitation for Millions’ measures that include the construction of sanitary facilities, capacity development to ensure adequate use, operation and …
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Globally, 4.2 billion people do not have access to safe sanitation services, and approximately 3 billion lack basic handwashing facilities. Even in 2021, almost 700 million people still practise open defecation and nearly 400 million children attend schools with no sanitation facilities at all.
The large financing gap has been identified as one of the greatest barriers to achieving the water, …
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According to RPJMN 2020–20241 figures, in 2018 almost 75 percent of the Indonesian population has access to improved sanitation nationally. This includes almost 7.5 percent classified as safely managed sanitation services based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 definitions. These figures are impressive considering the low base of sanitation coverage with which the country has been …
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This field note provides an overview of the WASH and health financing project that is being implemented in the state of Maharashtra, India – The Ecosystem Approach. The project integrates WASH behaviour change communication (BCC) with rural household microlending programs to drive household water and sanitation access through loans. This initiative aims to establish open defecation free (ODF) …
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n order to achieve the MDGs for water supply in Zambia, an additional 2.85 million residents of low-income areas need to gain access to safe and reliable water. During the national stakeholder consultation process that followed the MDG process, the Zambian government and cooperation partners emphasised that, in order to reach this goal, about one million more people should be served by …
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This ten year sanitation strategy for rural areas in India, prepared by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, in consultation with State Governments and other stakeholders, lays down the framework for achieving this long term vision. The strategy is intended to guide, local governments, policy makers, implementers and all relevant …
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Over the course of three months, a Working Group comprised of over 50 organizations explored the use of blended finance in two important segments of water service delivery and sanitation: (1) repair and maintenance of water infrastructure in less densely populated areas; and (2) fecal sludge management. Commissioned by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), this Outcome …
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Despite concerted efforts to extend water and sanitation services to the fast-growing numbers of people living in urban low-income and often informal areas, the water sector in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa appears to be stagnating. Many challenges stand in the way of closing the last mile of physical access for an estimated 250 million unserved urban residents. A misguided focus on …
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Over the last five years, the government of Punjab province has taken steps to develop an enabling environment for sustainable and at-scale WASH services. This Field Note outlines the sector policy and strategies, institutional arrangements and sector coordination mechanisms implemented. The arrangements for sector monitoring as well as budgeting, financing and capacity development are presented. …
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The world is alarmingly off-track to deliver sanitation for all by 2030. Despite progress, over half of the world’s population, 4.2 billion people, use sanitation services that leave human waste untreated, threatening human and environmental health. An estimated 673 million people have no toilets at all and practise open defecation, while nearly 698 million school-age children lacked basic …
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The 30th SuSanA meeting - the first virtual of its kind - took place from August 17th to August 28th 2020. It was organised by the SuSana Secretariat with support and contributions from SuSanA Partners, Members, Working Groups and Regional Chapters.
This entry is the collection point of the different resources from the SuSanA Meeting, including recordings, presentations, flyers and program …
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Please browse the AfWA ICE 2020 presentations repository. The repository is made up of the six tracks that the Congress comprised of. Under each track, there are the different days of the Congress i.e 24th, 25th , 26th Feb 2020. Under the folder of the date, you will find the presentations. Thank you for attending the historic and largest Water Congress in Africa.
Track 1: Water …
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From December 2016, the German-funded project ClimateFriendly Sanitation Services in Peri-Urban Areas of Lusaka (CFS-Lusaka) implemented by GIZ on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) supported stakeholders to strengthen on-site sanitation (OSS) and safe faecal sludge management (FSM) in the fast-growing Zambian capital within the context of the …
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The Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (GWSP) is an international partnership launched in 2017 to support countries around the world in meeting the targets related to water in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those of Goal 6, which calls on the global community to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.” Administered …
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Presentations (download from conference website, see external link below, or go to: https://fsm5.susana.org/en/downloads/conference-materials):
Conference convenors:
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
BORDA
Eawag-Sandec
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Inclusive Sanitation in Practice (IPS)
Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA)
University of …
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Investing in the nutrition of children is crucial if countries are to nurture the human capital necessary for social and economic development. Improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services are critical for the success of such investments. Our research in Cambodia, Ethiopia and Madagascar reveals opportunities and pathways for combining WASH and nutrition efforts to better tackle …
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Improving access to safe and affordable sanitation facilities is a global health priority that is essential for
meeting the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. To promote the use of improved sanitation in rural and low-income settings, plastic latrine slabs provide a simple option for upgrading traditional pit latrines. The International Finance Corporation/World Bank Selling …
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The study identifies four traditional sanitation financing methods through the use of debt, budgetary allocations, donor funds and community-based organizations. Essentially, public private partnerships (PPPs) and private finance initiatives (PFIs) are the most significant innovative financing approaches among fifteen instruments studied. Subsidies, grants and guarantees were also observed to …
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Globally, investments concentrate on the construction of infrastructure (capital expenditure) with insufficient attention on the systems needed to make the water and sanitation infrastructure function properly: regulations, policies, monitoring, institutions and the people that provide WASH services at regional, district and municipal levels. The lack of non-capital expenditure and support for …
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This report examines innovative financing mechanisms that can help attract new financial resources into water and sanitation services (WSS ). A particular focus is placed on mobilising market-based repayable financing (such as loans, bonds and equity) as a way of bridging the financial gap to meet the Millennium Development Goals and other crucial sector objectives. The Camdessus and Gurria …
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Secondary urban centres vary widely, both in terms of economic base and water service delivery models. Moreover, what constitutes a Secondary urban centres in one part of the world may be deemed to be something else somewhere else. For example, what might be regarded as Secondary urban centres in India and China might be considered to be small cities in Africa. This paper specifically deals with …
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This discussion will examine a few aspects of the waste water economy. In November 2018, the SuSanA India Chapter, IRC and TARU organised a face-to-face ‘Insights Discussion’ on sharing experiences on waste water challenges and solutions, facilitated by the Ecosan Services Foundation, in Mumbai. That discussion brought out five issues – setting standards for using waste water and sewage, …
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This South-East Asia Regional Highlights includes analysis of implementation of national policies, sustainability, human rights and equity measures, monitoring, human resources, financing and external support.
Ten out of the 11 countries in the WHO South-East Asia Region with a total population of 1.8 billion, participated in the GLAAS 2013/2014 reporting cycle. Overall, access to improved …
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The Region of the Americas Highlights includes analysis of implementation of national policies, sustainability, human rights and equity measures, monitoring, human resources, financing and external support.
Sixteen countries out of 35 in the WHO Region of the Americas, with a total population of 550 million, participated in the GLAAS 2013/2014 reporting cycle. Overall, access to improved …
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The GLAAS 2017 report focuses on the key role of financing in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector. It is designed to provide a global perspective as the world embarks on achieving the SDGs, particularly SDG 6 relating to clean water and sanitation, which is essential to good health and well-being. It also provides country-specific data for governments to use as they plan investments …
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The 22nd meeting of the UK’s Sanitation Community of Practice was held on the 26th of November 2018 at Oxfam House in Oxford. The aim of the event was to discuss with the participants the needs and potentials of financing sanitation. The challenges of finding funding sources, data acquisition, correct understanding of terminology, financial sustainability, and equitable service provision were …
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Financing sewerage and sanitation projects can be in several forms. In Kitakyushu, Japan, the central government provided subsidy to the city government in the construction of sewer lines and wastewater treatment plants. In Alandur, India, the municipality worked with a private sector partner in constructing and operating a sewerage treatment plant. In Dumaguete City, Philippines, the city …
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Technical Sustainable Management TSM (Arab) is a Quality Management System managed by the following stakeholders:
- ACWUA-WANT programme as financing and supervision of the TSM-Arab implementation.
- Arab Countries Water Utilities Association (ACWUA)
- TSM-Arab Task Force of ACWUA members quality management system)
- Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW) as consultant of the …
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Technical Sustainable Management TSM (Arab) is a Quality Management System managed by the
following stakeholders:
- ACWUA-WANT programme as financing and supervision of the TSM-Arab implementation.
- Arab Countries Water Utilities Association (ACWUA)
- TSM-Arab Task Force of ACWUA members quality management system)
- Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW) as consultant of the …
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Effective financing for drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are essential for the sustainable delivery of services. The UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) indicate that there are substantial gaps in our understanding and tracking of financing to the WASH sector. Financial reporting is often insufficient to enable sound, evidence-based …
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About the Training Modules
Training Modules on decentralised sanitation, septage and wastewater have been developed, tested and delivered by SCBP during 2016-17, during training of government officials from UP, Rajasthan, MP, Telengana, Bihar, Karnataka, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Chattisgarh. These Modules have also been used in Training of Trainers(ToTs) of Amrut Nodal Agencies, Academia, …
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About the Training Modules
Training Modules on decentralsid sanitation, septage and waste water have been developed, tested and delivered by SCBP during 2016-17, during training of government officials from UP, Rajasthan, MP, Telengana, Bihar, Karnataka, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Chattisgarh. These Modules have also been used in Training of Trainers(ToTs) of Amrut Nodal Agencies, Academia, …
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About the Training Modules
Training Modules on decentralsid sanitation, septage and waste water have been developed, tested and delivered by SCBP during 2016-17, during training of government officials from UP, Rajasthan, MP, Telengana, Bihar, Karnataka, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Chattisgarh. These Modules have also been used in Training of Trainers(ToTs) of Amrut Nodal Agencies, Academia, …
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About the Training Modules
Training Modules on decentralsid sanitation, septage and waste water have been developed, tested and delivered by SCBP during 2016-17, during training of government officials from UP, Rajasthan, MP, Telengana, Bihar, Karnataka, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Chattisgarh. These Modules have also been used in Training of Trainers(ToTs) of Amrut Nodal Agencies, Academia, …
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Inadequate access to sanitation remains a significant problem globally and is linked to the transmission of numerous communicable diseases with a disproportionately large effect on children. The scale of investment required to deliver sanitation goods and services to those who lack access is beyond the capacity of public finance alone. The private sector has already proven itself a key player in …
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The Handbook is an initiative of Sanitation Capacity Building Platform (SCBP) to build capacities in Feacal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) for officials of urban local bodies (ULB), para state technical agencies, administrators and professionals from the private sector and Non-governmental Organizations. It is meant to be freely used by any can organization (public or private), national and …
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The Sanitation Challenge Conference was deliberately aimed to create a dialogue between civil, process, agricultural and environmental engineers; urban planners, sociologists, economists, and political scientists who are involved in international sanitation research and implementation. It took place in Wageningen, the Netherlands from 19. to 21. May 2008.
Furthermore, this conference tried to …
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This webinar was organised under the Knowledge Management initiative (http://www.bdskm.net/) of the Building Demand for Sanitation (BDS) program of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The webinar was moderated by Peter Feldman, and supported by Pippa Scott and Pete Cranston of Euforic Services. It was hosted by Stockholm Environment Institute and the SuSanA secretariat on 29 April 2015. To watch …
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The SuSanA workshop aimed at capacity building for the Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities (WSSA) from seven towns in Tanzania which participate in the program called „Seven Towns Upgrading Program“ financed by the EU water facility and KfW (grant financed). This program is contracted out by the Tanzanian Ministry of Finance and managed by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. It covers …
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The sub-regional conference formally launched the project (RETA 8060) "Promoting Innovations in Wastewater Management in Asia and the Pacific". The list of delegates was comprised of a mixture of government executives, wastewater industry practitioners and private sector representatives from the following countries: Philippines, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Mongolia and …
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On 14 - 18 November 2016, 160 Experts from 16 Asian countries came together in Jakarta to exchange their experience regarding innovative WASH in Schools (WinS) approaches. The 5th WASH in Schools International Learning Exchange (ILE), was hosted by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia – with support from UNICEF and GIZ.
The conference concluded with a general agreement among …
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The second SuSanA India Chapter meeting was held in Panaji, Goa, India on 21 February 2018 - just after the 50th Annual Convention of the Indian Water Works Association (IWWA). The seminar encouraged discussions on urban sanitation challenges, holistic approaches to sanitation as well as financing and monitoring sanitation to accelerate progress on SDGs.
Please find the presentations of the …
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Effective gender-responsive programming in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector can contribute to progress towards gender equality and important WASH results. This document outlines essential elements that WASH practitioners should take into account at all points in the programme cycle in order to enhance a gender-responsive approach to their work.
Ensuring that women and girls have …
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In the world of sanitation, cost is often mentioned as important though seldom scrutinized. Perhaps strange is one considers that cost is one of the main reported reasons for people not having a toilet. Reducing costs while maintaining quality is a key driver of WASTE’s sanitation programmes. Yet even in our own programmes it is notoriously difficult to compare costs of sanitation systems …
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The Institute for Fiscal Studies, in collaboration with WASTE, organized the conference “Beyond Development Aid: Sanitation Financing & Revenue Models in Reuse (human) Waste” in The Hague, Netherlands, the 15th of May 2017.
This conference brought together from different parts of the world; academics, practicioners and policymakers with the aim to generate knowledge regarding sanitation …
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The India Sanitation Coalition (ISC) and Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) are pleased to present this report of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), two and a half years after its launch. This document captures the ideas from ISC partner experiences, as well as e-discussions on the India Chapter of the SuSanA platform. It builds on these with secondary research to present the status of SBM in …
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FSM4 was held in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, where the State Government has recently initiated measures to address FSM with regard to policy, regulatory changes, innovative solutions, and pilots. FSM4 focused on innovative and practical solutions that can be scaled up, including three tracks: research, case studies, and industry & exhibition.
Find below in chronological order the presentations held …
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FSM4 was held in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, where the State Government has recently initiated measures to address FSM with regard to policy, regulatory changes, innovative solutions, and pilots. FSM4 focused on innovative and practical solutions that can be scaled up, including three tracks: research, case studies, and industry & exhibition.
Below you find the presentations held in track 3: Industry …
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FSM4 was held in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, where the State Government has recently initiated measures to address FSM with regard to policy, regulatory changes, innovative solutions, and pilots. FSM4 focused on innovative and practical solutions that can be scaled up, including three tracks: research, case studies, and industry & exhibition.
Below you find the presentations held in track 1: Research …
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Under the umbrella of the SuSanA Indian Chapter, the India Sanitation Coalition in partnership with SuSanA, held a four-week thematic discussion on exploring opportunities and challenges of corporate engagement in sanitation. This synthesis is a summary of all topics discussed in the forum about corporate engagement.
The discussion not only focussed on corporate engage-ment via Corporate Social …
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Ensuring citywide sanitation is challenging and needs strategic planning as well as involvement of various actors /agencies, such as decision makers at state and city level, city engineers and technical experts in areas of urban planning, sanitation, technical infrastructure and financing. One of the main requirements in establishing a citywide sanitation system on the ground is strong …
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Uncontrolled urbanisation and proliferation of slums makes development of urban sanitation a big challenge. To contribute to the efforts towards the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of universal access to sanitation, the research A tale of clean cities aimed to learn from three cities that are performing well in sanitation: Kumasi, Ghana; San Fernando, the Philippines; and Visakhapatnam, …
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The first Unclogging the Blockages conference took place in Kampala, Uganda from Feb 18-20 with the aim of putting on the table some of the major challenges facing the scale up of sustainable sanitation as well as in in collaborating towards innovative solutions. The conference gathered a diverse array of over 150 individuals both from within and outside the sanitation sector, including those …
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Planning and financing for sanitation in cities and towns in developing countries is often ad hoc and piecemeal. Stronger capacity to plan financing for sanitation infrastructure (and services) for the long term will lead to better outcomes. Planning for adequate long-term services requires consideration of the complete sanitation service chain over the lifecycle of the associated service …
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Policies are considered critical for creating an enabling environment for improving access to sanitation and hygiene services. There are, however, certain requirements that policies must meet for them to be coherent and supportive. This paper presents a comparative assessment of the sanitation policy and institutional frameworks in Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania based on a …
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This assessment finds that the policies in Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania meet many of the recommended criteria, but are still lacking key aspects to adequately cater for sustainability of services and functionality of facilities. Further, policies should reflect the needs and preferences of people. This is usually not the case because policies are very ambitious and hard to fully translate to …
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Like many other countries in the Global South, Malawi has failed to meet Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets to improve access to sanitation. It has been estimated that only 25 percent of the country’s population has gained Access to improved sanitation since 1990 and access to it is a meagre 41 per cent, according to the latest Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) Report (2015). By utilising …
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This discussion paper reviews the extensive literature on sanitation to show that inadequate access to this basic service prevents the realization of a range of human rights and of gender equality. We recognize that “dignity” is a highly culture- and gender-specific term; we therefore argue that sanitation for all—sanitation that serves all genders equally—must be designed and planned …
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This library entry contains key documents involved in the implementation of the UBSUP programme, from the social marketing for improved toilet at household level to the construction and operation of the sanitation infrastructures (toilet and Decentralised Treatment Facility). Note that more documents are available on the SafiSan toolkit located in the WSTF website, see link below.
As an …
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The Financing Sanitation Paper Series is a unique collection of six articles about different aspects of sustainable financing of sanitation (in emerging markets) - from financial inclusion to private funding and from micro insurance to climate financing. “The essence of public and private funding for sanitation” is the second in a series of six papers on sustainable financing of sanitation.
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The symposium responded to needs of action as identified during 2015’s World Water Forum 7 in South-Korea and 2015’s World Water Week in Stockholm. By linking actual experiences from implementation with innovative concepts of urban development, the symposium aimed
▶▶ to generate an input to the realization of respective SDGs and to the HABITAT III process (Quito/Ecuador, October 2016) …
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How to finance sanitation systems was and still is a major challenge. Issue 24 of Sustainable Sanitation Practice (SSP) on „Financing sanitation“ shows three successful examples how sanitation can be financed. The papers presented in this issue are:
• David Auerbach describes the Sanergy Way for sanitation provision in urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya,
• Rochelle Holm et al. present a …
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Inadequate drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) in non-household settings, such as schools, health care facilities, and workplaces impacts the health, education, welfare, and productivity of populations, particularly in low and middle-income countries. There is limited knowledge on the status of WaSH in such settings. To address this gap, we reviewed international standards, …
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In 2012, the Water Research Commission, together with the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation, took a strategic decision to develop capacity in Africa to deal with faecal sludge management. This initiative, known as the Sanitation Research Fund for Africa (SRFA) Project, provides an exclusive research and development grant of up to US$200 000 to African institutions and organisations.
12 …
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This Handbook is the product of six years of work by the first UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights to water and sanitation. It explains the meaning and legal obligations that arise from these rights, translating the often complex technical and legal language into accessible information.
This Handbook has been developed to:
•clarify the meaning of the human rights to water and …
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GIZ carries out water projects in around 50 different countries, acting at the municipal, national, regional, and global levels. GIZ teams often work on the ground with ministries, regulatory authorities, regional governments, water associations, and also directly with water utility companies. GIZ develops forward-looking concepts for the water sector in cooperation with UN organisations, the …
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RBF is an alternative to conventional funding mechanisms for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene projects. Donors have been trying Results-Based Financing (RBF) in WASH since at least the mid-1990s, but until now there have been no comprehensive evaluations of RBF in WASH. This report summarizes findings from an investigation into whether RBF works in WASH, in what circumstances, how, and why. The …
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In Issue 21 of SSP we present three papers on „Sludge treatment“, i.e. presented:
• In the first paper we describe the new sludge treatment line that is currently implemented at the Vienna main
wastewater treatment plant (the contribution summarises public available material),
• Markus Lechner describes the design of the first sludge drying reed bed in Montenegro, and
• Magdalena …
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This library entry contains background documents for a grant that Meera Mehta and Dinesh Mehta are leading and which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Further information and a discussion is available on the SuSanA discussion forum, see link below.
Short description of the project:
Lack of reliable and updated information about operational and financial performance of …
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This document is the final report from a consultancy assignment focusing on Knowledge Management in the Building Demand for Sanitation (BDS) portfolio of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) program.
The assignment entailed:
- Surveying the participants of the 2014 annual Grantee Convening
- Facilitating a consultative and ideation process during …
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This document summarizes the evidence and information related to water and health in a broad sense - encompassing drinking-water supply, sanitation, hygiene, and the development and management of water resources. It collects the ingredients that support policy decisions, namely the disease burden at stake, the effectiveness of interventions, their costs and impacts, and implications for …
