Kannur, also known by its English name Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district, state of Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kannur district and situated 518 km north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. Kannur is famous for its pristine beaches, Theyyam (its native performing art), and its handloom industry. Kannur Municipal Corporation (KMC) is the largest urban local body of the […]
Kalpetta is a town and a municipality in the Wayanad district, of Kerala, India. It is the headquarters of Wayanad district as well as the headquarters of Vythiritaluk. It is a bustling town surrounded by dense coffee, tea plantations and hills (KM, 2015). Apart from being the administrative capital of the district, Kalpetta is also the centre of tourism, as it is currently located within the […]
Bijnor city is located 12 km west to the bank of River Ganga and 460 km from Lucknow, the state capital of Uttar Pradesh. Bijnor is the district headquarters of Bijnor district. As per Census 2011, Bijnor has a population of 93,297 residing in 17,715 households. The urban local body governing the town is Bijnor Nagar Palika Parishad (BNPP) or (Bijnor Municipal Council). The city has […]
Bansberia is a town in the Hooghly district of West Bengal, India. Bansberia Municipality was the nerve centre of “Saptagram”, a port city, famous for its inland and foreign trades with Europe since 17th Century. It is rich in its heritage and tradition and has a number of historical sites such as Hanseswari Temple and Zafar Khan Ghazi Mosque and Dargah. (BM, 2015). All households are […]
Emotional demonstrations (emo-demos) are used in behaviour-centred design to trigger behaviour changes, such as handwashing with soap, by creating disgust and shame. Through the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene For All (SSH4A) programme, vaccination centres in villages were found to be an ideal place to raise awareness of the importance of washing hands with soap among pregnant women, mothers and caregivers. This case study presents the emo-demo for […]
The sustainability of open defecation free (ODF) status in rural areas where toilets frequently collapse is a global concern. In Tanzania, SNV has developed an innovative approach called Jirani sanitation groups (JSGs). 'Jirani' means neighbour and the approach is based on community support; if a toilet collapses another can be built with the help of neighbours. This case study presents the JSGs intervention, providing practical information for […]
Where conventional sanitation is out of reach, old methods paired with new science can get human waste safely back in the ground, with environmental benefits and more. A project in Haiti is leading the way for cities without sewers.
It seems people these days can’t stop talking about periods. From derision by presidential candidates, to taboo-breaking Instagrammers and marathoners, menstruation is no longer in the closet. The Society for Menstrual Cycle Research (SMCR) has been building the evidence base and articulating menstruation’s role in health and well-being for over 40 years. SMCR was the first multidisciplinary organization to actively promote research on reproductive health, […]
Due to the lack of investment in a proper sanitation system in the Philippines - including sewage collection and treatment - close to 20% of the population (approx. 20 million) suffer from inadequate access to sanitation and 9 million rely on unsafe water sources. Additionally, a significant portion of the population is resorting to open defecation (6 million) as a negative coping mechanism, further contributing […]
Addressing urban sanitation requires a concurrent focus on both infrastructure and service delivery systems. Where on-site sanitation is the main type of sanitation, as in the programme cities, a focus on safe faecal sludge management was required. Regular emptying of on-site containment systems is a key service delivery challenge that provides an entry point for improving urban sanitation programming. This report has summarised the key […]
The study identifies four traditional sanitation financing methods through the use of debt, budgetary allocations, donor funds and community-based organizations. Essentially, public private partnerships (PPPs) and private finance initiatives (PFIs) are the most significant innovative financing approaches among fifteen instruments studied. Subsidies, grants and guarantees were also observed to rank as being important and could be useful in enhancing market efficiency. The application of microfinance […]
Since 2017, SNV and the Government of Tanzania have been implementing the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All (SSH4A) programme in eight Tanzanian districts. To date, the number of households that use toilets has increased to 90%. In the period March–April 2019, SNV Tanzania undertook a household survey in the eight project districts to identify the 10% of households still practising open defecation or sharing […]
Globally, investments concentrate on the construction of infrastructure (capital expenditure) with insufficient attention on the systems needed to make the water and sanitation infrastructure function properly: regulations, policies, monitoring, institutions and the people that provide WASH services at regional, district and municipal levels. The lack of non-capital expenditure and support for service authorities, service providers and the necessary systems results in high rates of nonfunctionality, […]
The main objective of this paper is to review the literature on and compare the lifecycle costs of full sanitation chain systems in developing cities of Africa and Asia. Overall, financial cost reporting methodologies have been inconsistent and many studies only focus on capital costs or do not report cost data on desludging, transport and treatment. In addition, a comparative analysis of raw cost data […]
This report examines innovative financing mechanisms that can help attract new financial resources into water and sanitation services (WSS ). A particular focus is placed on mobilising market-based repayable financing (such as loans, bonds and equity) as a way of bridging the financial gap to meet the Millennium Development Goals and other crucial sector objectives. The Camdessus and Gurria reports, published in 2003 and 2006 […]
The establishment of SDG 6, Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, reflects the increased attention on water and sanitation issues in the global political agenda. The 2030 Agenda lists rising inequalities, natural resource depletion, environmental degradation and climate change among the greatest challenges of our time. It recognizes that social development and economic prosperity depend on the sustainable management of […]
Economic evidence on the cost and benefits of sanitation and drinking-water supply supports higher allocation of resources and selection of efficient and affordable interventions. The study aim is to estimate global and regional costs and benefits of sanitation and drinking-water supply interventions to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target in 2015, as well as to attain universal coverage. Input data on costs and benefits from reviewed literature were […]
Should we worry? Many people worry that menstrual products may contain harmful substances, particularly since products are used for a prolonged time in close contact with highly absorbent skin around the vagina. So, should we be concerned? What are the ingredients in menstrual products? Ingredients vary greatly, both by type and brand of product. One common ingredient is cotton, especially used in disposable pads. Conventionally […]
Secondary urban centres vary widely, both in terms of economic base and water service delivery models. Moreover, what constitutes a Secondary urban centres in one part of the world may be deemed to be something else somewhere else. For example, what might be regarded as Secondary urban centres in India and China might be considered to be small cities in Africa. This paper specifically deals […]
The F4S approach uses the school setting to support the institutionalization of health-promoting behaviour of children. This includes washing hands with soap, brushing teeth with fluoride toothpaste, daily cleaning of sanitary facilities, etc. The measures in schools include a clear set of rules for routine group activities, simple infrastructural measures such as group washing facilities and accompanyingmeasures such as public cleaning plans. The Regional F4S […]