Sanitation Library
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The Sanitation Workers Knowledge + Learning Hub is the best source for all current news, trends, articles and updates on sanitation workers rights around the world.
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There is growing attention to addressing the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) needs of the over 21 million displaced adolescent girls and women globally. Current approaches to MHM-related humanitarian programming often prioritize the provision of menstrual materials and information. However, a critical component of an MHM response includes the construction and maintenance of water, sanitation …
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Dry toilets are one of the basic services provided for visitors in recreational wilderness areas. Operational environment for toilet waste management in these areas is challenging. At the same time the growing number of visitors in recreational areas is increasing the stress and loading on service infrastructure etc. toilets. The objective of this study was to recognize the major challenges in …
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This report from a research project funded by the Water Research Commission is divided into 2 volumes.
Volume 1:
In South Africa, the Pour-Flush system is viewed as an upgrade from the Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP), which is the standard for basic sanitation in the country. PID successfully ran a pilot scheme involving the installation of approximately 25 Pour-Flush latrines in the …
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Diese DIN SPEC wurde im Zuge des PAS-Verfahrens durch ein DIN SPEC (PAS)-Konsortium (temporäres Gremium) erarbeitet. Die Erarbeitung und Verabschiedung dieser DIN SPEC (PAS) erfolgte durch die im Vorwort genannten Verfasser. Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an die Qualität und die Unbedenklichkeit von Recyclingprodukten aus Ausgangssubstraten menschlicher Herkunft zur Nutzung als Düngemittel …
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In sub‐Saharan Africa, informal markets account for more than 80% of the total food selling. Fish is a major protein source for households in Malawi and is commonly purchased from individual vendors. The aim of this study was to review national acts and policies and local regulations focused on fresh fish sold at open‐air markets or by mobile vendors and to further examine the water, …
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Rural coastal areas of Small Island Developing States in the South Pacific are often characterized by high groundwater tables, flood proneness and scarce freshwater resources. Thin and permeable soil layers featuring a limited unsaturated zone make the groundwater lens below these islands highly vulnerable to microbiological and chemical contamination. The prevalent sanitation systems (i.e. …
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The study used qualitative methods to assess the effects of a multi-modal school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention on handwashing behaviour among primary students in North Western (NW) Tanzania. Barriers and facilitators to handwashing were explored in the students who participated in the Mikono Safi Trial (Kiswahili for ‘Clean Hands). The intervention increased students' …
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The Aquaya Institute is conducting this research on urban sanitation economics under the Urban Sanitation Research Initiative. This brief is on sanitation policies, practices, and preferences in the city of Nakuru, Kenya.
SUMMARY
• Nakuru County in Kenya is a leader in advancing sanitation and piloting sanitation improvement programs.
• The majority of low-income residents use unlined …
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The main objective of this paper is to review the literature on and compare the lifecycle costs of full sanitation chain systems in developing cities of Africa and Asia. Overall, financial cost reporting methodologies have been inconsistent and many studies only focus on capital costs or do not report cost data on desludging, transport and treatment. In addition, a comparative analysis of raw …
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In rural areas of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) without reliable piped water supply, the conventional school sanitation system – the pit latrine – is leading to hygienic and environmental problems. Urine diverting dry toilets (UDDT) have been demonstrated to be an alternative, ecological sanitation solution for rural schools of the EECCA region. This study compares the …
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The 6th International Dry Toilet Conference 2018 was held in Tampere, Finland on 22nd – 24th August 2018. The theme of the conference was Dry Toilet Goes Circular with a focus on Cooperation, Co-creation and Experimentation.
Please find the oral presentations and poster presentations below via the links to the page of the GlobalDry Toilet association of Finland.
***** Oral …
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This library entry contains several documents produced by the SCI-FI project which wa led by Shubhagato Dasgupta and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Name of lead organization: Centre for Policy Research
Primary contact at lead organization: Shubhagato Dasgupta, Senior Fellow
Grantee location: New Delhi, India
Developing country where the research is being carried out: …
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Various latrine options, including a Ventilated Improved Pit, Simple Pit Latrine, Kumasi Ventilated Improved Pit, Enviro Loo waterless Toilet, Composting latrine, Urine Diverting Dry Toilet, Pour-Flush Toilet without Water-Seal,
Installed On Direct Pit (Ventilated Pit), Pour-flushed toilets, Pour-Flush Toilet with Water-Seal,
Installed On Ventilated Pit, and Biofil Toilet.
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Project implementers, practitioners and researchers within the areas of urban and rural ecological and sustainable sanitation, organic waste management and agricultural reuse participated in the International Conference on Sustainable Sanitation on 26-29 August 2007 in Dongsheng, China in order to share experiences and best practices. The presentations of this conference are available as PDF on …
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The International Conference on Sustainable Sanitation "Water and Food Security for Latin America" was organized by Ecosanlac and the Federal University of Ceará with support of the IWA specialist group. It took place from 26-29 November 2007 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil and became a very successful event and exceeded the expectations of the organizers.
During four days, more than 200 local …
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From 14-17 October 2008, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) convened the international symposium on “Coupling Sustainable Sanitation and Groundwater Protection” in Hannover, Germany, in order to highlight the immense problems of groundwater pollution due to absent or inadequate sanitation facilities in developing countries.
Together with international …
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The 3rd International Dry Toilet Conference was held in Tampere, Finland, on 12-15 August 2009 and was organised by the Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland in cooperation with Tampere University of Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University for Applied Sciences.
184 delegates from 47 countries gathered together to discuss various aspects of dry/ecological sanitation.The main …
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The SuSanA workshop aimed at capacity building for the Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities (WSSA) from seven towns in Tanzania which participate in the program called „Seven Towns Upgrading Program“ financed by the EU water facility and KfW (grant financed). This program is contracted out by the Tanzanian Ministry of Finance and managed by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. It covers …
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A conference in cooperation between DWA and BMBF with the title "New water infrastructure concepts for urban planning" took place at the headquarters of the GIZ in Eschborn from 6 to 7 November, 2012. The conference language was German.
The first day of the conference the results of the SANIRESCH project were presented. The second day was devoted to sessions regarding "Integration of …
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A Bio-latrine is low maintenance system comprising a combination of a toilet and a bio-digester unit. It can be constructed using local materials and requires no machinery or fuel input other than human waste. This brief looks at the option of using bio-latrines, an on-site dry toilet technology which generates fertilising materials and fuel from the human excreta.
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Traditional alternatives have included: lined pit latrines, raised latrines and urine diverting dry toilets (UDDTs). These alternatives might be suitable in addressing the unfavourable ground conditions, but are not necessarily able to address the constraints encountered in the urban environment. For this reason agencies have started to take a closer look at some of the newer container based …
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Rural coastal areas of islands in the South Pacific are often characterized by shallow groundwater and are prone to floods. The prevalent pit-based sanitation (i.e. ‘bush’, Dry, and Pour-Flush Toilets) may cause microbiological and chemical groundwater contamination. Floods involve the risk of spreading pathogens in the environment and may cause toilets to be inoperable. Composting Toilets …
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The goal of this project was to develop several prototypes of a mechanised, pedal-operated, low-cost, easy-to-use, odourless urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT).
Chuck was interviewed by Elisabeth von Muench on 22 March 2014 at Taj Palace Hotel in Delhi, India. Filmed by Arno Rosemarin (SEI) during the "Reinvent the Toilet Fair".
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Mokhada is located at the foot of the Deccan Trap system. The soil is made of early Eocene basalt layers of volcanic origin. Igneous soils such as basalt are usually productive in terms of aquifer as they have a double storage capacity – they are porous due to the nature of the stone and they are cracked due to the structure of the rock formation. They have a good porosity and a high …
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In the world of sanitation, cost is often mentioned as important though seldom scrutinized. Perhaps strange is one considers that cost is one of the main reported reasons for people not having a toilet. Reducing costs while maintaining quality is a key driver of WASTE’s sanitation programmes. Yet even in our own programmes it is notoriously difficult to compare costs of sanitation systems …
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FSM4 was held in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, where the State Government has recently initiated measures to address FSM with regard to policy, regulatory changes, innovative solutions, and pilots. FSM4 focused on innovative and practical solutions that can be scaled up, including three tracks: research, case studies, and industry & exhibition.
Find below in chronological order the presentations held …
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FSM4 was held in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, where the State Government has recently initiated measures to address FSM with regard to policy, regulatory changes, innovative solutions, and pilots. FSM4 focused on innovative and practical solutions that can be scaled up, including three tracks: research, case studies, and industry & exhibition.
Find below in chronological order the presentations held …
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This paper presents the general sanitation practices by the traders in a major market in Kuje located in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja and our efforts in reorientating the market stakeholders towards the provision and use of a new dry sanitation toilet complex. The market is known for its diversity in Nigerian ethnicity, culture and the variety of goods and services. A novel toilet …
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Safe access to water and sanitation is an issue of global concern and a challenge posed through national policy as a human right to achieve the benefit of these basic services for all Bolivians.
Thanks to that approach, progress has been made significant achievements in increasing households today have improved their quality of life with water supply and sanitation services in their …
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This guide presents a toilet system that you can do yourself without relying on a coordinated and timely response by someone else. This system served after earthquakes destroyed sanitation systems in Haiti and New Zealand. This guide is for planning ahead and preparing kits, whether for yourself, your household, your apartment building, or your block. This flexible system is built around …
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Since 1900's, anaerobic biogas digester had been applied successfully in Asian countries like India, Nepal and China, treating cow manure, pig excreta, organic waste or a combination of them, providing not only biogas, which is used as source of energy, but also slurry used as soil conditioner.
During last 20 years in India, different government and private institutions promoted the use of …
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In 2012, the Water Research Commission, together with the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation, took a strategic decision to develop capacity in Africa to deal with faecal sludge management. This initiative, known as the Sanitation Research Fund for Africa (SRFA) Project, provides an exclusive research and development grant of up to US$200 000 to African institutions and organisations.
12 …
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The Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland organizes an International Dry Toilet Conference every three years in Tampere, Finland. The 5th conference took place at the Tampere University of Applied Sciences on 19th to 22nd of August 2015. The theme was Dry Toilet Conference 2015 – Solutions. The conference is an excellent platform for all actors working with ecological sanitation to network …
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Only little information exists about the use of squat toilets in different regions of the world. This survey uses the experience of professionals and practitioners involved in different water and sanitation programs to collect more information about the use and prevalence of squatting toilets, with an emphasis on Muslim and Buddhist countries.
The purpose of the survey was to get …
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The Third International Faecal Sludge Management Conference was held in Hanoi from the 18th to the 21st of January 2015. More than 700 delegates from around the world shared ideas and discussed challenges and opportunities in on-site sanitation.
Below you find the list of papers in chronological order by day (Day 1-3) and room (room 1-3 ). In order to search by author, simply press "Ctrl+F" …
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The absence of sewers and roads at backcountry sites makes the management of human excreta offensive, intensive, and expensive. Proper management is essential in order to prevent deleterious pathogen and nutrient discharge. The dearth of resources, vague certification standards, absence of monitoring, and erroneous popular perception have caused misapplication of systems and mismanagement of end …
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The book highlights the experience of implementing the Erdos Eco-Town Project in Inner Mongolia, China, the largest-scale urban ecological sanitation project to date.
The need for improved sanitation around the world is becoming a crisis, and the situation is particularly critical in urban and peri-urban areas in developing countries. Here the population is growing rapidly, and where …
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A coherent national policy on sanitation and hygiene is critical for raising the profile of the sanitation and hygiene sector and for improving access to safe and hygienic sanitation facilities. However, policy alone is not adequate. In Rwanda, like many other developing countries, it remains a mammoth challenge to translate policy on sanitation and hygiene into practice.
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This library entry contains background documents for a grant that Chris Buckley is leading and which is funded by the WSH Program of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation under the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC) Round 1, Phase 2.
Further information is available on the discussion forum, see link below.
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This project investigated the potential for modifying the pour flush design, which is used widely in Asia, to meet the needs of the South African context. The development and application of pour flush systems in Asia was studied. Three case studies were conducted to investigate the experience of South Africans with low flush systems in the past and related technologies were surveyed. A prototype …
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Intorducción
El presente manual de construcción de baños ecológicos secos, cisternas de captación pluvial y filtros para agua de lluvia y aguas jabonosas sólo ha sido posible gracias a la experiencia del proyecto “École para la vida. Cuidar el agua es cuidar de nuestra salud y entorno. De cómo hacer baños secos en Tlalcozotitlán Guerrero”.
Dicho proyecto generado en la …
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This presentation was given at the first advanced training course of the German Toilet Organisation (GTO) in Berlin on the 3-4 March 2012. More infos and presentations from the training are available in the SuSanA library from http://www.susana.org/lang-en/conference-and-training-materials/materials-of-trainings/2012/241-2012/705-advanced-sanitation-training-course-for-german-ngos.
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There are thousands of public and private mountain refuges located in the alpine regions. The increased number of visitors has raised the concerns on the environmental impact on the sensitive ecosystems.
To ensure sustainability, integrated management of the alpine infrastructure is needed. Water supply, energy, wastewater treatment and solid waste management need to be assessed together for …
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The estimation of transportation costs, which will allow operators to make profit, is affordable to majority of residents in study area and as such there is a high chance for O&M of UDDTs to succeed in Arusha municipality. The important issue here is for the Municipal authority to establish resource-oriented section within the sanitation department to coordinate the process?There has been …
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During the last years EcoSan Club was partner of the ROSA project. The ROSA (Resource-Oriented Sanitation concepts for peri-urban areas in Africa) project proposed resources-oriented sanitation concepts as a route to sustainable sanitation and was funded within the EU 6th Framework Programme, Sub-priority "Global Change and Ecosystems". The project had duration from October 2006 to March 2010 and …
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"Use of urine" is the thematic topic of the third issue of Sustainable Sanitation Practice (SSP). If urine is collected separately, treated and converted to agricultural usage, the biggest step towards nutrient reuse and highly efficient water protection is taken.
Issue 3 contains the following articles:
Opening minds and closing loops – productive sanitation initiatives in Burkina Faso …
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All over the world many communities or houses are served by de-centralized water supplies such as standpipes, wells or springs. In many places, even if a centralized water supply system is in place, the system may be regularly interrupted and/or the sewage system may be lacking. These circumstances make the selection of a safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly waterless toilet a nice …
