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This report presents design guidelines used for simplified sewers. It is based on information collected from a number of projects in Brazil and through discussions held with the staff of the state water companies of Sao Paulo (SABESP) and Parana (SANEPAR). Additional data from the literature and other areas are also presented.
The purpose of this document is to explain the intent and requirements of the Part 503 rule and to assist owner/operators in determining the extent to which their biosolids management operation is covered. To help clarify the intent of the Part 503 rule! this guidance document sometimes uses terms that do not appear in the rule itself and organizes information differently from the rule. For …
There is now widespread recognition that participatory development-involvinig users and communities in all stages of the development process-is critical for achieving sustained benefits. By responding to felt needs, and by involving stakeholders intimately in all aspects of a program, participatory development creates "ownership," accountability, and a willingness on the part of users to manage …
These guidelines have been prepared by the Global Task Force on Chlore Control of the World Health Organization to help managers of national diarrhoeal disease control programmes and others responsible for implementing cholera control activities. They may also be useful to international, bilateral, and non-governmental agencies in deciding on appropriate means of assiting countries to control …
A nation is democratic to the extent that its citizens are involved, particularly at the community level. The confidence and competence to be involved must be gradually acquired through practice. It is for this reason that there should be gradually increasing opportunities for children to participate in any aspiring democracy, and particularly in those nations already convinced that they are …
The 1990s undoubtedly is the Decade of the Environment. Not because the decade may be so designated, or because there will be another world conference on the topic. The designation applies because there exists today an awareness, even a fear that, unless we take some decisive action to protect the environment, we will suffer unacceptable consequences; that this decade indeed could be the last …
New national goals in wastewater treatment in the United States of America place strong emphasis on the use of natural systems and improved biological processes. These goals encourage sewage reuse through agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture (Duffer 1982). However, the cultivation of fish in wastewater has been of interest in the United States for only a short time: from a practical point of …
This Irrigation and Drainage Paper is intended to provide guidance to national planners and decision-makers, agricultural and municipal managers, field engineers and scientists, health and agricultural field workers, wastewater treatment plant operators and farmers. Consequently, it covers a broad range of relevant material, some in considerable depth but some more superficially. It is meant to …
(1991)
A typical small water supply system requires less than about 200,000 litres per day, which is well within the capacity of small streams and alternative water sources, other than rivers. Indeed a river is not the ideal source of domestic water in many situations and an intake would normally be constructed only if there is no satisfactory alternative source such as groundwater (handpump), rainwater …
(1991)
This Technical Brief is concerned with the typical small dam (up to about three metres high) which is built across a stream to form a reservoir. It provides guidance on planning, design and construction, but professional help should always be sought before building any dam whose failure could endanger lives, property or the environment. Care must also be taken to avoid the health hazards of …
Many low-income communities in developing countries consider stormwater dra inage to be their most urgent need as far as urban infrastructure is concerned. This is partly because their houses are often built on unsuitable land. In areas sufficiently close to the city centre for the journey to work to be affordable, land prices tend to be beyond their means. The only land they can afford, or on …
Sometown is a regional center in a predominantly agricultural area. It serves as a commercial center for this area, and has a well-established light industry as well as several food and cotton processing enterprises.
Water for the municipal supply is abstracted from wellfields 5 km east of the city limits. Water quality is at present excellent; the water is chlorinated, but only as a …
(1990)
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