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This desk review examines the refereed and gray literature on Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), with the central objective of assessing the knowledge base on best practices and identifying evidence gaps to inform the project’s research agenda (to generate findings that improve policy and practice).
The review offers a description of the CLTS intervention, tracing its evolution in theory …
The USAID Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Partnerships and Learning for Sustainability (WASHPaLS) project conducted a review of the scientific and grey literature, complemented by dozens of key informant interviews with researchers and field implementers, to synthesize the latest understanding of key pathways of fecal microbe ingestion by infants and young children (IYC) and their links to …
Direct ingestion of animal and human feces in soil as well as exploratory mouthing by infants and young children remain underemphasized pathways of fecal pathogen exposure impacting child health and growth, as highlighted in the 2018 Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Partnerships and Learning for Sustainability Program (WASHPaLS) desk review, “Toward a Hygienic Environment for Infants and Young …
This desk review from the USAID/WASHPaLS project investigates the current state of knowledge in market-based sanitation (MBS) and establishes a framework to analyze, design, and improve MBS interventions. This report is based on a survey of approximately 600 documents on MBS, in-depth research into 13 MBS intervention case studies across the global south, and interviews with sector experts and …
Understanding and addressing the human resource needs and gaps in the sanitation and hygiene sector is a critical part of achieving universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene. Previous studies have attempted to map the human resource capacity and needs of the sanitation and hygiene sectors; however, these studies have focused on educated and skilled professionals, …
Kurigram is a fast-growing city, which is 339 km away from the Dhaka. It is beside the Dharla River and is well connected with road and railways. It is one of the oldest towns in the sub-continent and was declared Municipality in 1972. Kurigram is one of the 53 district level municipalities in the country.
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics …
Khagrachari is a fast-growing city, which is 273 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Chengi River and well connected with road and water. It is one of the oldest towns in the sub-continent and was declared a Municipality in 1984. Khagrachari is one of the 53 district level municipalities in the country.
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics …
Jhalokathi Municipality is a fast-growing city, which is 208 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Bishkhali River and well connected with road and water. It is one of the oldest towns in the sub-continent and was declared Paurashava in 1875. Jhalokathi is one of the 53 district level municipalities in the country.
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of …
Jashore (previously known as Jessore) is a fast-growing city located along the Dhaka-Khulna highway and 275 km Southern-Western of Dhaka. The Bhairab River passes through the middle of the city and is well connected with road, water, and railways.
According to the population census in 2011 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the population of Jashore Municipality was 201,796. The …
Gulariya, a municipality in Nepal's Bardiya district, was established in 2053 BS (1997 AD) and later restructured in 2073 (2016 AD). Comprising 12 political wards over 118.21 square kilometres in the southern plains of the Terai region and positioned 35 kilometres west of Nepalgunj, Gulariya has an elevation of 187 metres.
The 2021 national population and housing census reported a population …
The last few decades have witnessed substantial gains in access to sanitation, as nearly 2.4 billion people gained access to improved toilets and open defecation (OD) rates fell 12 percentage-points globally (from 21% to 9%) between 2000 and 2020. Despite this progress, many countries are off track to meet their sustainable development goal (SDG) 6.2 targets. To reach these targets by 2030, a …
Hardware subsidies used to be commonplace policy tools for expanding sanitation access in rural areas. Overtime, however, hardware subsidies were found to produce distortionary effects on sanitation markets and failed to achieve sustained latrine usage and hygienic behaviors, and therefore declined in popularity in the mid-2000s.
However, “no subsidy” approaches are not sufficient either, …
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is essential to understanding the barriers, successes, and progress made toward achieving area-wide sanitation and hygiene outcomes. However, M&E can be challenging to undertake, given significant and competing demands on limited local government resources and capacities. USAID’s WASHPaLS #2 area-wide sanitation (AWS) desk review identified significant knowledge …
Over the last decade, basic sanitation coverage in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries has progressed significantly, especially in Asia. Sustaining those resulting gains in human, environmental, and community health, all while progressing toward targets of Sustainable Development Goal 6, requires safely managing the fecal sludge generated in on-site sanitation systems.
When …
Hardware subsidies used to be commonplace policy tools for expanding sanitation access in rural areas. Overtime, however, hardware subsidies were found to produce distortionary effects on sanitation markets and failed to achieve sustained latrine usage and hygienic behaviors, and therefore declined in popularity in the mid-2000s.
However, “no subsidy” approaches are not sufficient either, …
Sanitation workers play a vital role in maintaining cleanliness and safety within the sanitation chain, a crucial aspect of achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. However, they often face poor working conditions, social and economic marginalization, and significant health risks, including the threat of infection and injury, sometimes leading to fatalities, compromising their dignity and …
Sanitation workers play a vital role in maintaining cleanliness and safety within the sanitation chain, a crucial aspect of achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. However, they often face poor working conditions, social and economic marginalization, and significant health risks, including the threat of infection and injury, sometimes leading to fatalities, compromising their dignity and …
Sanitation workers provide an essential public service to ensure cleanliness and safety along the sanitation chain. This is key to achieving the ambitious Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, although poor working conditions, social and economic marginalization, high risk of infection and injury even death, mean it is often at the cost of their dignity, health and life. Strengthening social …
Sanitation workers provide an essential public service to ensure cleanliness and safety along the sanitation chain. This is key to achieving the ambitious Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, although poor working conditions, social and economic marginalization, high risk of infection and injury even death, mean it is often at the cost of their dignity, health and life. Strengthening social …
Sanitation workers play a vital role in maintaining cleanliness and safety within the sanitation chain, a crucial aspect of achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. However, they often face poor working conditions, social and economic marginalization, and significant health risks, including the threat of infection and injury, sometimes leading to fatalities, compromising their dignity and …
Kharas is a Palestinian village in Hebron Governorate, located 12 km northwest Hebron city, in the south of the West Bank. The village is located within the southern Palestinian mountains, to the north of Wadi Arab. The village is surrounded by Halhul to the east, Nuba and Beit Ula to the south, Surief to the north and the Green Line to the west.
The population of Kharas town for the year …
Salfeet is located in the middle of the West Bank. It is bordered by the Ariel settlement and Marda village to the north, Nablus Governorate to the east, the Green Line (the 1949 Armistice Line) to the west, and Ramallah Governorate to the south. As a region, Salfeet covers a total land area of 27 km2.
The 2021 population is 11,873 inhabitants (PCBS, 2021) with a population growth rate of …
(2024)
The canton of San Pablo is located in the central zone of the Greater Metropolitan Area (GAM) of the Central Valley of Costa Rica, in the province of Heredia, covering an area of 7.53 km2. The population is subdivided into two districts; San Pablo (70%), and Rincón de Sabanilla (30%). San Pablo is fully (100%) urbanized with one of the 10 highest population densities in the country. The last …
The site for this study, Liberia, is the first district and capital city of the canton of Liberia, in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. It is located in the northwest corner of the country. Liberia is divided into five districts; Cañas Dulces, Curubandé, Liberia, Mayorga and Nacascolo. The Liberia district is the largest, covering an area of 561.57 km2. The district has experienced rapid …
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