Biblioteca

Buckley, C., Foxon, K., Rodda, N., Brouckaert, C., Mantovanelli, S., Mnguni, M. (2008). Research into UD/VIDP (Urine Diversion Ventilated Improved Double Pit) Toilets: Physical and health-related characteristics of UD/VIDP vault contents - WRC Report No. 1629/1/08. Water Research Commission, South Africa. [4 KB]

Summary:
The eThekwini Municipality which is considered as one of the leading municipalities in South Africa in the provision of basic sanitation services has selected Urine Diversion, …

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Narracott, A. (2013). Activating the Urban On Site Sanitation Market With New Technology - Various documents on results from research grant. Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor, London. [4 KB]

Summary:
This library entry contains background documents for a grant that Andy Narracott is leading and which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. …

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de los Reyes, F. (2013). Power auger modification to empty pits: developing a pit extraction auger - Various documents on results from research grant. North Carolina State University, USA. [908.37 KB]

Summary:
This library entry contains background documents for a grant that Francis de los Reyes is leading and which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. …

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Vodounhessi, A., von Münch, E. (2006). Farmers and Households Orientation, and Effective Decentralization to make Faecal Sludge Management Integrated part of Ecosan Approach in Kumasi, Ghana. [536.37 KB]

Summary:
Sanitation services provision in Africa needs to go beyond technologies and focus more on appropriate financial and institutional arrangements to reach systems' sustainability …

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Vodounhessi, A., von Münch, E. (2006). Financial Challenges to Making Faecal Sludge Management an Integrated Part of the Ecosan Approach, Kumasi, Ghana. IWA Publishing. [71.53 KB]

Summary:
Many sub-Saharan African towns currently face a “faecal sludge crisis”, because large amounts of faecal sludge from unsewered toilets (pit latrines, septic tanks etc.) are …

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Nwaneri, C. F. (2009). Physico-chemical characteristics and biodegradability of contents of ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) in eThekwini Municipality. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Science and Agriculture School of Biological and Conservation Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. [1.29 MB]

Summary:
Lack of access to basic sanitation and water by rural and dense peri-urban communities in South Africa has necessitated the introduction of ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs). …

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Still, D., Louton, B., Bakare, B., Taylor, C., Foxon, K., Lorentz, S. (2012). Investigating the potential of deep row entrenchment of pit latrine and waste water sludges for forestry and land rehabilitation purposes - WRC Project No. K5/1829. Water Reserach Commission (WRC), South Africa. [8.81 MB]

Summary:
This study investigated the application of the deep row entrenchment method under South African conditions with the aim of establishing whether the use of pit latrine and …

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Ho, P. Y. C., Teh, T. H., Zakaria, M. Y., Lean, C. L., Tan, S. H., Sasidharan, V. (2011). Landscape analysis and business model assessment in faecal sludge management: extraction and transportation model in Malaysia - Final report. Consultancy report by ERE Consulting Group in collaboration with INDAH Water Konsortium (IWK) commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [2.93 MB]

Summary:
The study was undertaken in three (3) model cities in Peninsular Malaysia and included Kuala Lumpur (land area 243km2), which is the capital city; Melaka (land area 689km2), the …

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Winker, M., Vinneras, B., Muskolus, A., Arnold, U., Clemens, J. (2009). Fertiliser products generated within new sanitation systems. International Ambition for Water Technology. WETSUS Congress, October 5-6 2009, Leeuwarden, Netherlands, Center of Excellence for sustainable water technology (WETSUS). [1.4 MB]

Summary:
The plant nutrients consumed in human society today are lost through the established wastewater treatment systems in industrialised countries as well as via insufficient or …

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Bakare, B. F., Foxon, K. M., Brouckaert, C. J., Buckley, C. A. (2012). Variation in VIP latrine sludge contents. Water SA Vol. 38 No. 4, p. 479. [1.33 MB]

Summary:
This study investigated variations in the characteristics of the sludge content from different ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and variation in these characteristics at …

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Platzer, C. (2000). Development of reed bed systems - a European perspective - Proceedings of the 7th IAWQ Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, Orlando, USA.. [48.74 KB]

Summary:
The principal development of Reed bed systems in Europe begun in the late 60th as a means of secondary wastewater treatment for rural areas. Since than a large variety of design …

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Sridhar, M. K. C., Wahab, B., Oloruntoba, E. O., Idachaba, A. (2011). Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Fecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Africa, Nigeria Study Report. Consultancy report commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [2.83 MB]

Summary:
To better understand the status of septic sludge management policy and practice in Nigeria, an assessment of landscape analysis and business model of fecal sludge management in the …

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Ekuful, J. (2010). A quantitative approach to predict behavioural intentions towards ecological sanitation - The case of the co-composting of faecal sludge and solid wastes for urban agriculture project in Buobai/Kumasi, Ghana. [3.58 MB]

Summary:
Producing co-compost fertilisers from municipal solid wastes and human excreta is seen as one way of reducing the large volumes of wastes that are generated in the urban areas of …

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Water Information Network (2011). Sanitation matters - A magazine for Southern Africa - Issue 2 - 2011. Water Information Network, Gezina, South Africa. [4.13 MB]

Summary:
In this issue: …

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Defere, E., Yemane, H. (2011). Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Fecal Sludge Management, Extraction and Transportation in three Cities of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa and Hosaena) - Final report. Consultancy report by Hywas Engineering Consultants & Partners (Ethiopian Team), commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [3.03 MB]

Summary:
The main objective of the research study is to analyze the extraction and transportation operation of fecal sludge in the country and identify business opportunities in this …

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Peter, S., Zurbrügg, C. (eds.) (2011). Sandec News 2011 - July 2011, Vol. 12. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland. [1.62 MB]

Summary:
Among others the journal contains information about: …

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Opel, A., Bashar, M. K., Ahmed, M. F. (2012). Faecal sludge management in Bangladesh: an issue that needs urgent attention. Asia Regional Sanitation and Hygiene Practitioners Workshop, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [399.33 KB]

Summary:
The rapid increase of fixed-place defecation has created a new challenge for faecal sludge management in Bangladesh. In the city, this challenge is acute due to factors like high …

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WaterAid (2011). Landscape Analysis and Business Model. Assessment in Faecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Bangladesh - Final report. WaterAid, consultancy report for Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [2.08 MB]

Summary:
A well-coordinated effort over the past few years in Bangladesh has made it possible to reduce the rate of open defecation significantly. However, this rapid increase of fixed …

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Vodounhessi, A. (2006). Financial and institutional challenges to make faecal sludge management integrated part of ecosan approach in West Africa - Case study of Kumasi, Ghana. MSc Thesis (WM 2006.05), UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands. [1.95 MB]

Summary:
The debate on sanitation services provision in Africa should go beyond technologies and focus more on appropriate financial and institutional arrangements to reach systems’ …

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Zoungrana, D., Bere, C., Yiougo, L., Koanda, H. (2011). Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Fecal Sludge Management, Extraction and transportation in Burkina Faso - Final report. Consultancy report commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [2.15 MB]

Summary:
The management of faecal sludge of on-site sanitation facilities is a big issue in Burkina Faso urban areas. This study outlines the sanitation services delivery in three (3) …

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Buckley, C., Foxon, K., Hawksworth, D., Archer, C., Pillay, S., Appleton, C., Smith, M., Rodda, N. (2008). Research into UD/VIDP (Urine Diversion Ventilated Improved Double Pit) toilets, prevalence and die-off of ascaris ova in urine diversion waste. Report to the Water Research Commission by the Pollution Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. [1.24 MB]

Summary:
eThekwini Municipality (EM) is one of the leading municipalities in South Africa with regard to the provision of basic sanitation services. The Municipality has selected a hybrid …

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WRC (2007). Design and Operating Requirements to Optimize the Life Span of VIP Toilets - Outcome of WRC Project 1630. WRC, South Africa. [149.69 KB]

Summary:
Ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) represent the minimum level of sanitation infrastructure that is deemed acceptable in South Africa. …

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Mwangi, L., Nzainga, J., Muvelah, S., Kiogora, A. (2011). Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Fecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Africa, Kenya Report - Volume I of II, main report. Consultancy report by Losai Management Limited, commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [3.83 MB]

Summary:
As per the BMGates criteria for selection of the 3 local case study sites (cities), the Kenya Study Team selected Nairobi – the capital and the largest city - in the center; …

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Frederick, R., Gurski, T. (2012). Synapse Dewatering Investigation Report - Omni-Ingestor Phase 2, Milestone 1. Consultancy report by Synapse (USA) commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [1.95 MB]

Summary:
This document explores various available dewatering technologies, and analyzes their applicability for separating the liquid and solid components of septic holding tanks. The …

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Steiner, M., Montangero, A., Koné, D., Strauss, M. (2002). Economic Aspects of Low-cost Faecal Sludge Management - Estimation of Collection, Haulage, Treatment and Disposal/Reuse Cost. EAWAG. [499.9 KB]

Summary:
This report provides practical information on FSM costs for environmental and sanitation engineers and planners. Politicians and decision-makers can use it as a tool to integrate …

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Chowdhry, S (2012). Landscape Study of Investment Funds Investing in Fecal Sludge and Resource Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa - External report. Consultancy report commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [715.37 KB]

Summary:
This report is a landscaping study of investors funding fecal sludge to energy enterprises in Africa, sponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In gathering information for …

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Foxon, K. (2008). Scientific support for the design and operation of ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs). School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. [2.35 MB]

Summary:
A comprehensive review of literature relating to the design and operation of pit latrines, processes in pit latrines and pit latrine additives was undertaken. …

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Mbeguere, M., Gning, J. B., Toure, F., Diop, B., Toure, S., Fam, A. (2011). Landscape analysis & business model assessment in fecal sludge management: extraction & transportation models in Africa – Senegal. Consultancy report by H2O Engineering commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [2.42 MB]

Summary:
In general, fecal sludge management can be considered the weak point in sanitation because raw sludge is disposed of illegally. However, meetings have taken place between …

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WIN-SA (2011). What happens when the pit is full - A story of pits, PETs and managed sludges. WIN-SA Water Information Network, Gezine, South Africa. [1.61 MB]

Summary:
Rapid urbanisation has outpaced the ability of many African governments to …

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Peter, S., Zurbrügg, C. (eds.) (2012). Sandec News 2012 - July 2012, No. 13. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland. [3.06 MB]

Summary:
Sandec News is the annual publication of the Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology …

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Still, D. (2002). Effective options for pit latrine management - After pit latrine is full ... what then?. WRC. [210.96 KB]

Summary:
In rural areas the Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (VIP) is considered as the basic RDP standard for sanitation. Large numbers of VIPs have even been constructed in urban areas …

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DWAF (2005). Options for dealing with full pits - Draft Guideline - emptying of pit latrines. Ministry of Water Affairs (DWAF), Republic of South Africa. [3.33 MB]

Summary:
This guideline aims to provide some guidance to municipalities on the options for dealing with sanitation services where on-site pits are the method of separating human wastes from …

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Nguyen Viet Anh, Nguyen Hong Sam, Dinh Dang Hai, Nguyen Phuoc Dan, Nguyen Xuan Thanh (2011). Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Fecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Vietnam - Final report. Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Consultancy report commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [5.69 MB]

Summary:
The purpose of this research is to inform the sanitation sector, for the purpose of informing more in-depth empirical research and/or investments by governments, donors and other …

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Menon, M. H. (2012). Landscape Study of Potential Investment Funds for Fecal Sludge and Resource Recovery in India - External report. Consultancy report commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [642.6 KB]

Summary:
India has among the worst sanitation outcomes in the world and faces serious energy shortages that threaten its economic development, yet the area of energy recovery from fecal …

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Hultman, B., Levlin, E., Plaza, E., Stark, K. (2003). Phosphorus Recovery from Sludge in Sweden - Possibilities to meet proposed goals in an efficient, sustainable and economical way. [86.42 KB]

Summary:
Phosphorus recovery from wastewater may be a requirement in Sweden in the future. An intermediate target is that by 2015, at least 60 per cent of the phosphorus in wastewater shall …

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Montangero, A.; Strauss, M. (2004). Faecal Sludge Treatment. Eawag/Sandec. [871.5 KB]

No Summary available.

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Ensink, J. et al. (2013). New concepts for on-site sanitation based on bio-additives and pit design - Various documents on results from research grant. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK and Bearvalley Ventures, UK. [1.44 MB]

Summary:
This library entry contains background documents for a grant that Jeroen Ensink is leading and which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. …

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Jimenez-Cisneros, B. E. (2007). Helminth ova control in wastewater and and sludge for agricultural reuse. [1.06 MB]

Summary:
A new version of the WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Waste Water, Excreta and Greywater in Agriculture and Aquaculture has been released in 2006. These guidelines, among other …

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Koottatep, T., Surinkul, N., Paochaiyangyuen, R., Suebsao, W., Sherpa, M., Liangwannaphorn, C., Panuwatvanich, A. (2012). Assessment of Faecal Sludge Rheological Properties - Final report. Environmental Engineering Program, School of Environment, Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. [3.03 MB]

Summary:
This study focused on onsite sanitation systems treating black water which collected from 4 types of sanitation system such as septic tank system, one cesspool system, two …

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Frenoux, C., Tsitsikalis, A. (2011). Landscape analysis and business model. Assessment in fecal sludge management: Extraction & transportation models - Cambodia - Final report, Volume 1 Main Report. Consultancy report by GRET, commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [4.22 MB]

Summary:
If many stakeholders have paid attention to the access to sanitation growth rate, fewer organizations have offered a comprehensive analysis of the extraction and transportation of …

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Erzinger, F. (2011). Low cost upgrading of pit latrines with UDDTs for private households - Bottom-up approach for handling and valorisation of human excreta in Fada N’Gourma, Burkina Faso. Presentation given to GIZ in Eschborn, Germany. [1.61 MB]

Summary:
This presentation is about the hygiene problems in the handling of human excreta, i.e. the evacuation and deposing of these excreta. …

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Wall, K., Bhagwan, J., Ive, O. (2011). Piloting franchising O&M partnerships: connecting unrelated concepts, to create something innovative. 35th WEDC International Conference, UK. [60.88 KB]

Summary:
Partnerships, using the basic principles of franchising, could address many challenges in the operation and/or maintenance of water services. Franchising provides appropriate …

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Koné, D., Strauss, M. (2004). Low-cost options for treating faecal sludges in developing countries - Challenges and Performance. Paper presented to the 9th International IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wetlands Systems for Water Pollution Control and to the 6th International IWA Specialist Group Conference on Waste Stabilisation Ponds, Avignon, France. [115.85 KB]

Summary:
This article analyses and discusses the performances of low cost technology for treating faecal sludges (FS) in developing countries. The state of research shows two trends: where …

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Sijbesma, C. (2011). Sanitation financing models for the urban poor - Thematic Overview Paper 25. International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), The Hague, The Netherlands. [3.65 MB]

Summary:
The provision of sanitation services in low-income urban areas is one of the greatest challenges in development. Population growth in developing countries currently outpaces …

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Chowdhry, S., Koné, D. (2012). Business Analysis of Fecal Sludge Management: Emptying and Transportation Services in Africa and Asia - Draft final report. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [2.8 MB]

Summary:
This study was initiated and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to map the urban sanitation situation and assess business and operating models for fecal sludge …

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Bhat, N., Vashishta, A., Baskaran, C., Chopra, N. (2011). Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Fecal Sludge Extraction and Transportation Models in India. Consultancy report by The Right Angle commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [5.08 MB]

Summary:
This study on landscape analysis and business model assessment in fecal sludge extraction and transportation models in India covered a sample of 1200 households in three cities …

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Kuchenrither, R. D., Stone, L., Haug, R. T. (2012). Omni-Processor Landscaping Project. Consultancy report by WERF (Water Environment Research Foundation), commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA. [879.37 KB]

Summary:
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation established a global development program area, Water, Sanitation & Hygiene, which focuses on sanitation that works for the poor in developing …

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Kengne, I. M., Kouassi, D., Doulaye, K., Strande, L. (2012). Productive treatment of faecal sludge: from waste to fodder and profits - Evidence for Policy Series, Regional edition West Africa, No. 2. ed. Bassirou Bonfoh. Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire: NCCR North-South. [1.15 MB]

Summary:
In developing countries, lack of low-cost, efficient treatment technologies commonly results in faecal sludge (FS) from domestic on-site sanitation systems (e.g. latrines) being …

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Strauss, M., Drescher, S., Zurbrügg, C., Montangero, A., Cofie, O., Drechsel, P. (2003). Co-composting of faecal sludge and municipal organic waste - A literature and state-of-knowledge review. Swiss Federal Institute of Environmental Science & Technology (EAWAG). [1.21 MB]

Summary:
This review on the combined composting of (faecal) sludges and organic …

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Still, D., Foxon, K., O’Riordan, M. (2012). Tackling the challenges of full pit latrines - Volumes 1 to 3. WRC Report No. 1745/1/12, Water Research Commission, South Africa. [5.14 MB]

Summary:
Volume 1: Understanding sludge accumulation in VIPs and strategies for emptying full pits …

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