Full online library

Zomerplaag, J. (2005). A world of hand washing. IRC and UNICEF. [34.96 KB]

Summary:
This booklet provides guidelines for the design, operation and maintenance of child-friendly hygiene and sanitation facilities in schools. It stresses the importance of active …

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Koné, D., Strauss, M. (2004). Low-cost options for treating faecal sludges in developing countries - Challenges and Performance. Paper presented to the 9th International IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wetlands Systems for Water Pollution Control and to the 6th International IWA Specialist Group Conference on Waste Stabilisation Ponds, Avignon, France. [115.85 KB]

Summary:
This article analyses and discusses the performances of low cost technology for treating faecal sludges (FS) in developing countries. The state of research shows two trends: where …

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Corrales, L.C., Izurieta, R., Moe, C.L. (2003). The impact of ecological sanitation on parasitic infections in rural El Salvador. [55.04 KB]

Summary:
This study was designed to evaluate the impact of latrines on intestinal parasitic infection in rural areas of El Salvador where a variety of latrine designs are used, including …

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Simpson-Hebert, M., Sawyer, R., Clarke, L. (2000). The Phast Initiative: Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation - A new approach to working with communities. WHO and UNDP/World Bank Water and Sanitation. [1.14 MB]

Summary:
PHAST stands for Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation. It …

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IRC (2007). Towards effective programming for WASH in schools - A manual on scaling up programmes for water, sanitation and hygiene in schools. UNICEF and International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC). [2.47 MB]

Summary:
The manual you are reading now is an update of the earlier, popular manual entitled Towards Better Programming: A manual on school sanitation and hygiene education, published by …

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Martin, S. M. (2007). Involving traditional health practitioners in health, hygiene and sanitation education and promotion. WRC, South Africa. [419.15 KB]

No Summary available.

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Moodley, P., Archer, A., Hawksworth, D. (2008). Standard Methods for the Recovery and Enumeration of Helminth Ova in Wastewater, Sludge, Compost and Urine-Diversion Waste in South Africa. Report to the Water Research Commission (WRC), WRC Report No. TT322/08, South Africa. [3.11 MB]

Summary:
This manual has been developed to specify a standard analytical method for water and wastewater laboratories to recover and enumerate helminth ova in wastewater, sludge, compost …

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Postma, L. (2004). Life Skills-Based Hygiene Education - A guidance document on concepts, development and experiences with life skills-based hygiene education in school sanitation and hygiene education programmes. IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. [737.37 KB]

No Summary available.

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Curtis, V., Scott, B., Cardosi, J. (2000). The Handwashing Handbook - A guide for developing a hygiene promotion program to increase handwashing with soap. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. [642.09 KB]

Summary:
This handbook grows out of the experience of the Global Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap (PPPHW) and its predecessor, the Central American Handwashing for …

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Zurbrügg, C., Panesar, A., Rüd, S. (2012). Sanitation systems and technology options - Factsheet of Working Group 4. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA). [326.52 KB]

Summary:
To address the great sanitation challenge in developing countries, numerous technological innovations have been developed. But with so many innovations and a wide range of …

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Peter-Fröhlich,A. , Bonhomme, A., Oldenburg, M. (2006). Sanitation Concepts for Separate Treatment of Urine, Faeces and Greywater (SCST) - Results. Berlin Centre of Competence for Water. [4.61 MB]

Summary:
The main goal of this SCST-project was to develop new sustainable sanitation concepts which have significant advantages in relation to ecological as well as to economical aspects …

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Melo, J.C. (2005). The Experience of Condominial Water and Sewerage Systems in Brazil - Case Studies from Brasilia, Salvador and Parauapebas. World Bank, BNWP, WSP. [4.96 MB]

Summary:
This study presents the experience of applying the condominial approach to expand water and sewerage networks in three contrasting Brazilian cities. It is based on the findings of …

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Pronk, W. et al. (2007). Pilot Experiments with Electrodialysis and Ozonation for the Production of a Fertilizer from Urine. Eawag. [1.84 MB]

No Summary available.

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Tilley, E., Lüthi, C., Morel, A., Zurbrügg, C., Schertenleib, R. (2008). Compendium of sanitation systems and technologies. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG). [5.27 MB]

Summary:
This Compendium aims at pulling the main information on sanitation technologies together in one volume. Moreover, the Compendium is to promote a systems approach; sanitation …

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Wendland, C. (2010). Sustainable and cost-effective wastewater systems for rural and peri-urban communities up to 10,000 PE. WECF. [2.76 MB]

Summary:
The scope of this paper is to provide some easy-to-understand guidance on taking decisions in wastewater management in settlements and towns with up to 10,000 population …

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Peal, A., Evans, B., van der Voorden, C. (2010). Hygiene and sanitation software. Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC). [3.45 MB]

Summary:
This document describes the various hygiene and sanitation ‘software’ approaches that have been deployed over the last 40 years by NGOs, development agencies, national and …

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Niwagaba, C. B. (2009). Treatment technologies for human faeces and urine - PhD thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. [898.91 KB]

Summary:
This thesis examines simple, cheap, environmentally friendly and resource efficient technologies for the treatment of source-separated human faeces and urine to enable safe …

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Günther, I.; Fink, G. (2010). Water, Sanitation and Children’s Health - Evidence from 172 DHS Surveys. World Bank. [648.27 KB]

Summary:
This paper combines 172 Demography and Health Survey data sets from 70 countries to estimate the effect of water and sanitation on child mortality and morbidity. The results show a …

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Seecon , ESF (2010). Decentralized treatment systems (DTS) - Ecological engineering today. Seecon International GmbH, Ecosan Services Foundation (ESF). [1.38 MB]

Summary:
A well illustrated manual of decentralized systems to treat waste water at affordable prices including a set of example projects. …

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Gajurel, D. R.; Wendland, C. (2007). Ecological Sanitation and Associated Hygienic Risk - An overview of existing policy making guidelines and research. WECF. [767.55 KB]

Summary:
In household wastewater, urine contains considerably large amount of nutrients derived from agriculture whereas faeces contain most of the pathogens with a potential of causing …

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WaterAid Australia, IWC, IRC (2010). Sharing experiences: Effective hygiene promotion in South-East Asia and the Pacific. WaterAid, International Water Centre, International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), Brisbane, Australia. [5.55 MB]

Summary:
Diarrhoea is the leading cause of child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and the second largest cause of child deaths globally. The latest available data indicate that in 2008 1.3 …

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Roose, S., Spijksma, E., van Daalen, T., Singeling, M. (2010). Smart hygiene solutions: Examples of hygiene methods & tools and tips. Netherlands Water Partnership, KIT Publishers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. [1.14 MB]

Summary:
Approximately 120 million children are born in the developing world each year. Halve of these children will live in households without access to improved water and sanitation, …

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Rieck, C., von Münch, E., Hoffmann, H. (2012). Technology review of urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) - Overview on design, management, maintenance and costs. Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany. [5.07 MB]

Summary:
This technology review deals with a type of toilet designed specifically for dry excreta management called the urinediverting dry toilet (UDDT). It is a sanitation system for …

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von Münch, E., Winker, M. (2011). Technology review of urine diversion components - Overview on urine diversion components such as waterless urinals, urine diversion toilets, urine storage and reuse systems. Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. [2.78 MB]

Summary:
The publication explains the purposes of urine diversion, its benefits and challenges, urine precipitation, urine treatment and reuse in agriculture. Further, it provides an …

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Mang, H.-P., Li, Z. (2010). Technology review of biogas sanitation - Biogas sanitation for blackwater, brown water or for excreta and organic household waste treatment and reuse in developing countries. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ). [3.33 MB]

Summary:
Anaerobic treatment units as part of an on-site decentralised or semi-decentralised wastewater treatment system are an alternative to centralised wastewater treatment systems due …

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Berger, W. (2011). Technology review of composting toilets - Basic overview of composting toilets (with or without urine diversion). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany. [1.26 MB]

Summary:
Composting toilets are dry toilets which operate without the need for flushing water. They can be used independently of connections to sewers and provide a safe and hygienic …

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Hoffmann, H., Platzer, C., von Münch, E., Winker, M. (2011). Technology review of constructed wetlands - Subsurface flow constructed wetlands for greywater and domestic wastewater treatment. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany. [2.36 MB]

Summary:
This booklet focuses on treating domestic/municipal wastewater or greywater with subsurface flow constructed wetlands with coarse sand as a filter medium. The emphasis is on the …

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Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2002). Sanitation for a healthy nation - Sanitation Technology Options. [1.22 MB]

Summary:
In this document you will read more about the various technical options that meet the requirements for basic sanitation. …

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Morel, A. and Diener, S. (2006). Greywater management in low and middle-income countries, review of different treatment systems for households or neighbourhoods - Sandec Report No. 14/06. Sandec (Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries) at Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology), Dübendorf, Switzerland. [5.45 MB]

Summary:
This report compiles international experience in greywater management on …

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Winker, M. (2009). Pharmaceutical residues in urine and potential risks related to usage as fertiliser in agriculture. PhD thesis, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Hamburg, Germany. [6.69 MB]

Summary:
Aim of this study was to determine the potential risks of pharmaceuticals contained in urine when used as fertiliser by means of a database and by greenhouse experiments. …

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WHO, FAO, IDRC, IWMI (2008). Second information kit - Using human waste safely for livelihoods, food production and health (#01, #02) - Second Information Kit on the third edition for the Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater in Agriculture and Aquaculture. World Health Organization (WHO). [4.73 MB]

Summary:
#01 Guidance documents related to the Guidelines …

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Ecosan Club (ed.) (2009). Greywater - treatment and reuse. Sustainable Sanitation Practice (SSP), Issue 1. EcoSan Club, Austria. [2.19 MB]

Summary:
Issue 1 is dedicated to "Greywater". Five contributions showing results from projects, in which members of the EcoSan Club Austria have been involved. The papers highlight …

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Imhof, B., Muhlemann J. (2005). Greywater treatment on household level in developing countries – a state of the art review. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. [2.2 MB]

Summary:
The main purpose of this report is to present the current state of the art regarding greywater management. The report presents typical greywater characteristics, the main treatment …

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Krekeler, T. (2008). Decentralised sanitation and wastewater treatment. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR). [1.27 MB]

Summary:
BGR compiled this brochure mainly based on its experiences from a …

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Prüss-Üstün, A., Bos, R., Gore, F., Bartram, J. (2008). Safer water, better health - Costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. [2.63 MB]

Summary:
This document summarizes the evidence and information related to water and health in a broad sense - encompassing drinking-water supply, sanitation, hygiene, and the development …

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The World Bank (2008). Environmental health and child survival - Epidemiology, Economics, Experiences. The World Bank, Washington D.C., USA. [4 KB]

Summary:
The overall aim of this report is to provide information to decision-makers on the optimal design of policies to help reduce premature deaths and illness in children under five …

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Meinzinger, F. (2010). Resource efficiency of urban sanitation systems: a comparative assessment using material and energy flow analysis. Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Hamburg, Germany. [4.91 MB]

Summary:
The present study applies a combined cost, energy and material flow analysis (ceMFA) as a system analysis method to assess the resource efficiency of urban sanitation systems. This …

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Gutterer, B., Sasse, L., Panzerbieter, T., Reckerzügel, T. (2009). Decentralised wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) and sanitation in developing countries - A practical guide - sample version, selected pages only. Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), Loughborough University, UK, in association with Bremen Overseas Research (BORDA), Germany. [6.64 MB]

Summary:
The guidebook "Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems and Sanitation in Developing Countries – A practical guide" is addressed to Urban Service Providers or National and …

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GTZ (2010). Possible technology components for sustainable sanitation - Technology Matrix - an overview on the technology components which can be used in an ecosan approach. Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH. [134 KB]

Summary:
This picture shows various technology components for sustainable sanitation to deal with different type of waste. Collection, treatment and use are the three main parts. …

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Lutchminarayan, R. D. (2007). Sanitation, water and hygiene in eThekwini Municipality, Durban, South Africa - Baseline cross-sectional study. [1.05 MB]

Summary:
Inadequate water supply and sanitation adversely affects the health and socio-economic development of communities. Since 2003, more than 40 000 households in peri-urban and rural …

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Lechner, M. (2007). Dry Toilets - EcoSan Club Manuals - Volume 2. EcoSan Club, Austria. [1.12 MB]

Summary:
This series of manuals was initiated in 2003 when the EcoSan Club was contracted to carry out training workshops for hospital and health centre technical staff in Uganda. This …

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Graham, J. (2009). Scaling up sanitation - The case of rural Thailand. United States Agency International Development (USAID), USA. [848.74 KB]

Summary:
Lessons learnt in Thailand for rural sanitation: …

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Rosemarin, A., Kvarnström, E., Subbaraman, M., Ganapathy, V., Dagerskog, L. and Pasupathiraj, K (2007). Ecosan systems that accommodate anal washing. Sustainable Water Management, Issue 2-2007. [594.9 KB]

Summary:
When it comes to anal-cleansing, the world can be divided into two …

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von Münch, E., Ingle, R., Mbalo, D., Kappauf, L. (eds.) (2012). Compilation of 13 factsheets on key sustainable sanitation topics. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) and GIZ, Germany. [5.25 MB]

Summary:
This factsheet book is a compilation of 13 thematic factsheets which were produced by the eleven SuSanA working groups. What makes these factsheets special is that they are …

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Stenström, T.A., Seidu, R., Ekane, N., Zurbrügg, C. (2011). Microbial exposure and health assessments in sanitation technologies and systems - EcoSanRes Series, 2011-1. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Stockholm, Sweden. [5.3 MB]

Summary:
The main objective of a sanitation system is to protect and promote human health. This is done by providing and maintaining a clean environment without faecal contamination and by …

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WIN-SA (2011). What happens when the pit is full? - Developments in on-site faecal sludge management (FSM). Water Information Network South Africa. [4.22 MB]

Summary:
The objective of the seminar was to enable anyone responsible for the sustainable operation of on-site sanitation systems to find out about new developments in the field, and to …

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Buckley, C., Foxon, K., Rodda, N., Brouckaert, C., Mantovanelli, S., Mnguni, M. (2008). Research into UD/VIDP (Urine Diversion Ventilated Improved Double Pit) Toilets: Physical and health-related characteristics of UD/VIDP vault contents - WRC Report No. 1629/1/08. Water Research Commission, South Africa. [4 KB]

Summary:
The eThekwini Municipality which is considered as one of the leading municipalities in South Africa in the provision of basic sanitation services has selected Urine Diversion, …

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Rieck, C., von Muench, E. and Onyango, P. (2011). Up-scaling lessons from the EU-Sida-GTZ Ecosan Promotion Project in Kenya. Paper presented at the 35th WEDC International Conference: "The Future of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Innovation, Adaption and Engagement in a Changing World". Loughborough, United Kingdom. [193.38 KB]

Summary:
This paper analyses the requirements for up-scaling of sustainable sanitation systems based on the lessons learnt from the EU-Sida-GTZ EcoSan Promotion Project (EPP) in Kenya. The …

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Newborne, P. (2010). Making the case for sanitation and hygiene: opening doors in health - Background note. Overseas Development Institute, London, UK. [216.83 KB]

Summary:
Advocates of sanitation and hygiene have redoubled their efforts to raise the profile of sanitation and hygiene in development in recent years. The 2008 International Year of …

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Zhensheng, Y., Guociong, X., Jlayue, G., Chuan hua, S., Fang, L,. Guofang, W., Lisai, Y. (1992). The effect of biogas management on improvement of environment and preventing diseases. Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA), Bremen, Germany. [345.88 KB]

Summary:
In 1984-6 the effects on environment and health were investigated in a village with biogas digesters for 97% of all households as compared to a village without any biogas plants. …

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