Sanitation Library
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The Sanitation Workers Knowledge + Learning Hub is the best source for all current news, trends, articles and updates on sanitation workers rights around the world.
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Children and adolescents comprise 43 per cent of Bhutan’s estimated population of 735,553 people. Prior to COVID-19, the majority of children were in schools. In the country, one in every five schools lacks handwashing facilities and functional toilets. Nearly one third of schools have no separate toilets for girls. These problems risk the well-being of children and bear gender-specific …
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According to Joint Monitoring Programme, 58.5% have safely managed services for drinking water in 2020. One in five households has to spend more than 30 minutes fetching water from an outside source. The statistics also suggest a serious gap in sanitation facilities; about one-third of the households (31%) use unimproved toilet facilities; 22% of households use pit latrines without slabs, and 3% …
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The GIZ Programme WatSSUP operates on the nexus of humanitarian and development work and focuses on both refugee and host communities. The programme is implemented under the special initiative on forced displacement of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and implemented by GIZ in line with Germany’s commitment to international burden and responsibility …
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Availability of adequate sanitation services is one of the most significant development challenges experienced in the rapidly growing Kampala city. Over 90% of Kampala’s population relies on on-site sanitation which include flush (pour and cistern) toilets, Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilets (UDDTs), Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines (VIPs) and traditional pit latrines.
The toilets are put up …
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WASHaLOT 3.0 is a versatile design of a group handwashing facility that accommodates many users at the same time and a water-saving facility with automatically closing individual water outlets. To support the adaption of the WASHaLOT 3.0, documents are made available to the public to guide in the production process of the WASHaLOT 3.0.
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Since 2016, significant progress has been made in ensuring Water Sanitation and Hygiene services (WinS) in Indonesia. The Ministry of Education (MoEC) published a WinS SDG profile and WinS Roadmap in 2017. The WinS SDG profile set the baseline for some of the indicators of SDG target 4.a.1: proportion of school with access to: (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; …
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the restriction of movement and closure of borders in many locations in Myanmar. This coupled with lack of access and mobility to certain areas for security reasons posed challenges to monitor handwashing interventions. In response, UNICEF developed a real time remote monitoring tool for handwashing facility distribution and installation using RapidPro, a free, …
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The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for regular hand hygiene at a global level. Although the urgency of this context cannot be denied, the benefits from streamlining hand hygiene at a global scale are immense and go beyond the current pandemic response.
WASHaLOT is an innovative group handwashing facility that has been adapted for the Ugandan context. It is a durable, cost effective, …
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On July 16th 2015, flash floods triggered by Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) submerged various parts of the Chitral District; the northern district of Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan. The floods destroyed houses, livestock and public infrastructure. The disaster claimed three lives and left 250,000 people without access to basic services and relief supplies. More than 60% of households were …
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The Community Health Club (CHC) model is a community-based health promotion program that utilizes water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) education as the first stage of a longitudinal development process. Although the CHC model has been implemented in fourteen countries over 20 years, this is the first review of the literature describing the model’s outcomes and impact. We conducted a review of …
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The brief is focused on hand hygiene. We have long understood the importance of hand hygiene for the reduction of diarrhoeal diseases, respiratory infections, hospital-acquired infections and during outbreaks like cholera and Ebola. Hand washing with soap or alcohol-based hand rub is an effective COVID-19 prevention measure along with physical distancing and appropriate mask use. Despite the many …
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UNHCR, World Vision, and RANAS Ltd. came together in April 2020 to design a theory-driven evidence-based behaviour change intervention aiming to increase handwashing with soap (HWWS) and physical distancing among Tongogara Refugee Camp residents in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Handwashing with soap effectively prevents diarrhoea, a leading cause of death in infants. Theory-based interventions are expected to promote handwashing more successfully than standard approaches. The present article investigates the underlying change processes of theory-based handwashing interventions. A nonrandomised field study compared a standard approach to two theory-based interventions …
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Oxfam and Unilever’s Chief Sustainability Office carried out extensive research on handwashing practice in emergency contexts. We found nurture to be one of the most powerful motivators driving handwashing with soap among mothers. Even during a crisis, mothers continue to nurture their children to ensure they go onward in life and succeed in bringing fruition to their efforts and fulfillment to …
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Oxfam and Unilever’s Chief Sustainability Office carried out extensive research on handwashing practice in emergency contexts. We found nurture to be one of the most powerful motivators driving handwashing with soap among mothers. Even during a crisis, mothers continue to nurture their children to ensure they go onward in life and succeed in bringing fruition to their efforts and fulfillment to …
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3 Downloads
Oxfam and Unilever’s Chief Sustainability Office carried out extensive research on handwashing practice in emergency contexts. We found nurture to be one of the most powerful motivators driving handwashing with soap among mothers. Even during a crisis, mothers continue to nurture their children to ensure they go onward in life and succeed in bringing fruition to their efforts and fulfillment …
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Handwashing promotion programmes in emergencies are important, as they significantly contribute to the reduction of diarrhoea-related diseases. These programmes traditionally focus on the health benefits of handwashing as a key motivator. Information – in the form of messages – is delivered to beneficiaries about the key times to wash hands and how doing this at certain times can reduce …
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In Bangladesh diarrhoeal disease and respiratory infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Handwashing with soap reduces the risk of infection; however, handwashing rates in infrastructure-restricted settings remain low. Handwashing stations – a dedicated, convenient location where both soap and water are available for handwashing – are associated with improved …
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Unless strategies are found to galvanise rural communities and create a demand for sanitation, we cannot achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goal of halving the 2.4 billion people without sanitation by the year 2015. This study describes an innovative methodology used in Zimbabwe—Community Health Clubs—which significantly changed hygiene behaviour and built rural demand for …
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Most countries in Africa will fall short of meeting the MDG targets for the provision of water and sanitation due to lack of financial and institutional capacity (WSP-Africa, 2006). Although safe sanitation has been found to be the most effective single intervention in reducing diarrhoea (Esrey, et al.1991), this does not necessarily mean building latrines, which can become a fly breeding ground …
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One of the worst humanitarian disasters in the world is currently taking place in Northern Uganda where 89% of the population in Gulu District now live in 33 Internally Displaced People’s (IDP) Camps, with low levels of home hygiene and only 5% sanitation coverage. A local NGO, Health Integrated Development Organization (HIDO), has started 116 Community Health Clubs in 15 IDPs camps, with …
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Abstract
In humanitarian emergency settings there is need for low cost and rapidly deployable interventions to protect vulnerable children, in- and out-of-school, from diarrhoeal diseases. Handwashing with soap can greatly reduce diarrhoea but interventions specifically targeting children's handwashing behaviour in humanitarian settings have not been tested. Traditional children's handwashing …
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This was an interventional study carried out over a period of 5 days among 21 schoolchildren aged 12–18 years in their respective school premises. Participants were requested to rub their hands with an UV-sensitive fluorescent lotion and then wash them. Hands were air-dried and examined under UV rays for blue light emission in a dark room. Emission of blue light highlighted parts of hand where …
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In order to address sanitation challenges, accelerate access and sustained use of latrines coupled with good hygiene practices such as hand washing Uganda’s Ministry of Health, together with Plan Uganda, has produced handbooks on sanitation marketing. The aim is to increase awareness and harness momentum for uptake of Sanitation Marketing among stakeholders such as government at policy making …
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Since 2000 a number of community-driven sanitation approaches have emerged that counter a historical trend to subsidise the provision of latrines to the poor. This study reports on a set of findings and conclusions concerning the effectiveness and sustainability of two such approaches operating in Zimbabwe, the community health club (CHC) approach and community-led total sanitation (CLTS). …
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This handbook is based on the experience of the Global Handwashing Partnership and presents best practices and new concepts to improve the uptake of handwashing. This handbook updates the approaches shared in the previous Handwashing Handbook, which was published in 2005 by the World Bank with support from the partners of the Global Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing (PPPHW), the original …
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Handwashing with soap is an effective way to prevent diseases and build healthy futures. For handwashing to be effective, it needs to be practiced consistently and thoroughly. Even when people have access to soap and water, and know how and why to wash their hands, many still do not properly wash their hands consistently at critical times. The handwashing behavior change challenge is not only to …
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The simple hygiene habits of handwashing with soap and toothbrushing significantly contribute to the health and well-being of children and should be part of their education. While the idea of teaching handwashing and toothbrushing in schools has been around for decades, the actual practice of these activities has been hindered by long queues around the washing station. The concept of building …
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Background: Hygiene promotion interventions are likely to be more effective if they target the determinants of handwashing behaviour. Synthesis of the evidence on the determinants of handwashing behaviour is needed to enable practitioners to use evidence in hygiene promotion programming.
Purpose: To identify, define and categorise the determinants of handwashing behaviour in domestic settings …
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Consistent hand hygiene can reduce morbidity and mortality from diarrheal and respiratory diseases. Diarrhea and pneumonia are still the leading causes of mortality among children under five years of age in low-income and middle-income countries. Recent findings suggest that interventions promoting handwashing with soap lead to a 40% reduction in the risk of diarrhea. Despite its health impact, …
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Inadequate hygiene and sanitation remain leading global contributors to morbidity and mortality in children and adults. One strategy for improving sanitation access is community-led total sanitation (CLTS), in which participants are guided into self-realization of the importance of sanitation through activities called “triggering.” This qualitative study explored community members' and …
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Behavior change communication for improving handwashing with soap can be labor and resource intensive, yet quality results are difficult to achieve. Nudges are environmental cues engaging unconscious decision-making processes to prompt behavior change. In this proof-of-concept study, we developed an inexpensive set of nudges to encourage handwashing with soap after toilet use in two primary …
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The FOAM (Focus on Opportunity, Ability, and Motivation) is a framework designed to help in the development, monitoring, and evaluation of handwashing behavior change programs. FOAM was developed for use in resource-poor settings, but it can also be adapted for other socioeconomic environments. This working paper is intended for use by program managers implementing handwashing behavior change …
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It feels good to be clean. It feels good to live in a beautiful environment. It feels good not to get sick. Influencing health behaviour change seems like it should be simple. Present the logical evidence (information) for why changing a behaviour is worthwhile (washing hands kills germs) and the need for change should be obvious. But logic isn’t the only basis for making decisions about …
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Handwashing with soap, when done correctly, is critical in the fight against COVID-19, but 3 billion people have no ready access to a place to wash their hands with soap at home. WHO released interim guidance on 1 April 2020, recommending to all Member States to make hand hygiene facilities in front of public and private commercial buildings as well as at all transport hubs obligatory. In …
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that all member states provide universal access to public handwashing facilities. Consequently, WaterAid and other organisations have been working with governments to install handwashing facilities in a wide range of public places and buildings, to support improved handwashing practices and reduce …
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This Campbell Systematic Review examines the effectiveness of different approaches for promoting handwashing and sanitation behaviour change, and factors affecting implementation, in low and middle-income countries. The review summarises evidence from 42 impact evaluations, and from 28 qualitative studies.
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Handwashing Facilities - Overview and Decision Support Tool with Case Studies from Uganda
The objectives of this publication are twofold. The first objective is to give an overview of common types of handwashing facilities with a number of key aspects that need to be considered during the planning stage. Focus is placed on handwashing facilities that are generally suitable for installation at …
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When a massive earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010, followed by a cholera epidemic that broke out in October of that year, Oxfam rushed assistance—clean water, sanitation, and hygiene materials and information—to hard-hit areas to protect public health. Oxfam engaged in a wide range
of hygiene promotion activities to encourage washing hands—specifically, washing hands with soap at key …
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Handwashing with soap for minimum 40 seconds is one of the precautionary measures suggested and advocated globally since the outbreak of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease). The pandemic has created a demand for behaviour change and sustained practices of Handwashing with soap. This calls for exploring existing options of handwashing stations and create newer designs of handwashing stations globally, …
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Three billion people – 40 per cent of the world’s population – do not have a place in their homes to wash their hands with water and soap. Threem quarters of those who lack access to water and soap live in the world’s poorest countries and are amongst the most vulnerable: children and families living in informal settlements, migrant and refugee camps, or in areas of active conflict. This …
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Globally, 4.2 billion people do not have access to safe sanitation services, and approximately 3 billion lack basic handwashing facilities. Even in 2021, almost 700 million people still practise open defecation and nearly 400 million children attend schools with no sanitation facilities at all.
The large financing gap has been identified as one of the greatest barriers to achieving the water, …
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Three billion people – 40 per cent of the world’s population – do not have a place in their homes to wash their hands with water and soap. Three quarters of those who lack access to water and soap live in the world’s poorest countries and are amongst the most vulnerable: children and families living in informal settlements, migrant and refugee camps, or in areas of active conflict. This …
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Sanitation for Millions has assessed its interventions in the three partner countries Jordan, Uganda and Pakistan in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and identified various WASH-related measures which represent an adequate and effective response to COVID 19 in particular and to pandemics and infection control in general.
Handwashing is one of the core activities carried out regarding safe …
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As COVID response, the programme Water Supply and Sanitation for Refugee Settlements and Host Communities in Northern Uganda (WatSSUP) is supporting measures for improved hand hygiene in institutions. In cooperation with local actors the programme is implementing WASHaLOTs in Health Care Facilities, COVID-19 quarantine stations and schools in Northern Uganda.
The WASHaLOT has been first …
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Diarrhoeal diseases are very common causes of death in low and middle-income countries. The aim for this systematic review was to show which promotional approaches might change handwashing and sanitation behaviour, and which implementation factors affect the success or failure of such promotional approaches.
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COVID-19 pandemic swept across India in April and May 2021, and preventing infection became of paramount importance. The health systems were overwhelmed. Over the past year, we have learnt great deal of how the disease spread. This necessitated expansion of the earlier preventive measures promoted in the early stages of the pandemic in 2020 such as wearing masks, social distancing and washing …
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The main objective of this baseline study was to understand the current situation of faecal sludge management (FSM) and practices of residential premises in three cities in southern Bangladesh: Khulna, Kushtia and Jhenaidah. A second objective was to establish a benchmark for the FSM programme.
The baseline consists of two parts:
1) A quantitative part measuring access to sanitation, hygiene …
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At a webinar on 5 May, 2021, World Hand Hygiene Day, IRC, UNICEF, WaterAid India, WHO and the SuSanA India chapter organized a webinar with experts from the field of public health, WASH, disaster management and more. The objective was to reach civil society organizations from across India with a Call to Action. It urged CSOs, local government institutions and other local networks to prioritize …
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Faced with a debilitating second COVID-19 wave, relevant messaging on CABs is vital to keep millions safe from infection, and support recovery of those infected. This Calls to Action urges CSOs working with communities, and with local Government to prioritize messaging on COVID-19 protective measures, address the need for new or more nuanced messaging, and use effective channels to reach …
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Frequent and proper handwashing with soap is vital to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In response, we have developed this Handwashing Compendium for Low Resource Settings. Exinging existing information from different organisations into one place, the compendium provides guidance, local examples of and further resources on accessible low-cost handwashing facilities, environmental cues and …
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Sanitation has been declared one of the essential services during the COVID-19 crisis. Sanitation workers are an integral part of sanitation service delivery and TNUSSP team has been engaging with them with the objective of improving their safety, health and welfare. In response to the current public health crisis, TNUSSP has developed a set of guidelines for different categories of sanitation …
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The promotion and uptake of effective handwashing practices are critical in ensuring the health of populations affected by emergencies and humanitarian crises. Along with general public health benefits, handwashing can reduce the risk of diarrhoeal disease by up to 50% (Curtis and Cairncross, 2003; Fewtrell et al., 2005; Luby et al., 2005). Handwashing with soap is recognised as an easy, …
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Since 2003 Nepal has been actively promoting the Community Led Total Sanitation approach and, from 2005 onwards; the School Led Total Sanitation approach, to promote Open Defecation Free (ODF) behaviours. The Government has put sanitation and hygiene at the forefront of its development agenda through the Nepal Country Plan for the International Year of Sanitation in 2008, the Sanitation and …
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• The ASWA-II programme (2017-2022) is being implemented in eight Terai districts to eliminate open defecation and ensure the sustained use of safely managed water supplies and hygiene by people in targeted districts, especially by women and girls and persons with disability.
• At baseline, 47 out of 100 communities were externally ODF certified. However, there are challenges in sustaining …
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The document covers the impact of WASH intervention in families, communities and institutions with a balance between demand and supply, highlighting both child and gender lens. Innovations like cost effective, simple, scalable pedal operated hand washing stations, augmentation of operation and maintenance of community toilets with identification of community touch points, school readiness for …
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Hygiene behaviours in WASH need to be studied from a local context. There is no shortcut to working on behaviour change, without going directly to listen to and observe the reasons for prevailing hygiene practices in the contexts in which these are practised. There is dearth of formativeresearch on hygiene behaviours.
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UNICEF/WHO reports that 1.7 million children die annually of diarrhea and pneumonia. Handwashing with soap under running water can prevent the majority of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, influenza, cold, cholera, dysentery, and contagious eye disease. Several studies have reported reduced incidences of pneumonia and diarrheal diseases by over 40% to 50% through handwashing. However, many …
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The 30th SuSanA meeting - the first virtual of its kind - took place from August 17th to August 28th 2020. It was organised by the SuSana Secretariat with support and contributions from SuSanA Partners, Members, Working Groups and Regional Chapters.
This entry is the collection point of the different resources from the SuSanA Meeting, including recordings, presentations, flyers and program …
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This resource guide by Watson, J. & Drebelbis, R. provides an overview of the science behind nudge-based handwashing interventions and the evidence supporting the use of environmental nudges for handwashing in schools in low-resource settings. Resources and tools for planning and implementing nudge-based interventions in schools are also provided.
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Frequent and proper hand hygiene is one of the most important measures that can be used to prevent infection with the COVID-19 virus. Actions by governments to promote hygiene, including handwashing with soap and water and providing hygiene infrastructure such as public handwashing facilities, are critical at this time. These actions should be complemented by activities to ensure access to water …
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In the Philippines, GIZ is providing technical assistance to the Department of Education in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (DepEd ARMM) to improve WASH in Schools. GIZ’s support forms Component 2 of the Australian Embassy’s Basic Education Assistance to Muslim Mindanao (BEAM ARMM) program. Additional support is provided by the German government through the Federal Ministry for …
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Schools across ARMM have constructed their own group washing facilities. Simple affordable materials, like used plastic bottles, can be used to make tippy taps, for example, which can make handwashing facilities accessible for all. However, when building more durable structures, many schools struggle to ensure the functionality of their facilities over time. In some cases, schools may lack the …
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Access to functional and clean group washing facilities in schools allow for WASH activities for a larger number of children at various times throughout the day. Group washing facilities, which need to be water-saving, are designed to enable both group handwashing and individual handwashing. Based on this there is a demand for durable and scalable infrastructure which are long-lasting, low cost …
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In 2016, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport in Cambodia published the ”Guidelines for Minimum Requirements for WASH in Schools“. The guidelines are designed for stepwise improvements of WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) infrastructure and hygiene behavior in schools to reach the national goal of water and sanitation access for all in 2025.
This group washing facility catalogue …
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Schools are the heart of a community where children spend half of their day. They play a unique role in creating healthy learning environments. The social norms and habits developed in children will stay with them all their lives. Thus, by providing a healthy learning environment and promoting healthy practices, schools act as an equalizer for all children from varied economic backgrounds.
The …
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In Uganda approximately 86% of South Sudanese refugee arrivals are women and children (UNHCR, 2017a). Globally, girls and women often lack the ability to manage their menstruation with dignity due to lack of adequate and private facilities, safe, acceptable and accessible menstrual health products and knowledge, which can be further exacerbated during conflict and displacement. Menstrual health …
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In sub‐Saharan Africa, informal markets account for more than 80% of the total food selling. Fish is a major protein source for households in Malawi and is commonly purchased from individual vendors. The aim of this study was to review national acts and policies and local regulations focused on fresh fish sold at open‐air markets or by mobile vendors and to further examine the water, …
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Frequent and proper handwashing with soap is vital to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In response, we have developed this Handwashing Compendium for Low Resource Settings.
Bringing existing information from different organisations into one place, the compendium provides guidance, local examples of and further resources on accessible low-cost handwashing facilities, environmental cues and …
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127 Downloads
In this webinar development practitioners and religious actors shared their experiences in collaborating to jointly achieve the fulfillment of SDG 6.2. . The speakers showcased best practices and innovative approaches and elaborate their view on the importance of religious actors on achieving universal access to water, sanitation and hygiene.
Unfortunately there were technical difficulties …
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The Global Handwashing Partnership Think Tank series brings together hygiene experts from civil society, government, research institutions, and the private sector to drive learning and action in handwashing behavior change. The 2018 Think Tank was hosted in Manila, Philippines, from October 10 – 12. The presentations can be found in the annex of the report.
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In Tamil Nadu, currently, a range of behaviour deficits exist along the full cycle of sanitation at the stages of access, containment, emptying, transport, treatment and re-use/disposal. However, communication strategies in the sanitation sector have been largely limited to promoting hygiene behaviours such as handwashing or stopping open defecation by promoting the use of toilets. While these …
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In this library entry we have grouped together up to five documents that we think are important "first reading" materials for anyone wishing to obtain a quick overview of this topic. For more details, please see the external links to the discussion forum below.
The documents listed in this library entry in reverse chronological order already exist as individual library entries but have been …
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In Tamil Nadu, currently, a range of behaviour deficits exist along the full cycle of sanitation at the stages of access, containment, emptying, transport, treatment and re-use/disposal. However, communication strategies in the sanitation sector have been largely limited to promoting hygiene behaviours such as handwashing or stopping open defecation by promoting the use of toilets. While these …
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Q1: Do girls miss school because of menstruation? ‘One in ten girls in sub-Saharan Africa misses school during their period’. This truism has not been substantiated, but empirical evidence from low- and middle-income countries has accumulated, confirming a negative effect at varying levels (from less than 10 to more than 50 percent absence during menstruation). One study from Uganda found …
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The study used qualitative methods to assess the effects of a multi-modal school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention on handwashing behaviour among primary students in North Western (NW) Tanzania. Barriers and facilitators to handwashing were explored in the students who participated in the Mikono Safi Trial (Kiswahili for ‘Clean Hands). The intervention increased students' …
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The 9th Emergency Environmental Health Forum took place from 18th -19th 2019 in Geneva, Switzerland. It brought together water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) experts. The forum provided an opportunity to exchange recent field experiences and explore innovative approaches amongst over 110 attendees and discuss ways for future action and interventions for WASH in emergencies.
EEHF 2019 …
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This FRESH webinar will Introduce a costing tool to calculate the budget need for schools to provide the basic service level for drinking water, usable sanitation, and handwashing with soap. The tool provides school heads with an easy to manage app, which calculates the annual cost per student depending on local condition and local prices.
How much do they need to keep aside for consumables, …
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Emotional demonstrations (emo-demos) are used in behaviour-centred design to trigger behaviour changes, such as handwashing with soap, by creating disgust and shame.
Through the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene For All (SSH4A) programme, vaccination centres in villages were found to be an ideal place to raise awareness of the importance of washing hands with soap among pregnant women, mothers …
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The F4S approach uses the school setting to support the institutionalization of health-promoting behaviour of children. This includes washing hands with soap, brushing teeth with fluoride toothpaste, daily cleaning of sanitary facilities, etc. The measures in schools include a clear set of rules for routine group activities, simple infrastructural measures such as group washing facilities and …
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Globally many women and girls do not have access to appropriate Menstrual Health Management (MHM) methods that are effective, comfortable, convenient, affordable and safe to use and dispose of. Combined with inadequate facilities, social support and knowledge of menstruation as well as prevailing menstrual taboos and stigma, the lack of appropriate MHM methods can impact the physical, social and …
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The Menstrual Hygiene Management pilot was conducted among 80 refugee women and girls, aged 15-30 years in Imvepi refugee settlement over four phases, namely (1) exploration, sensitization and training of trainers, (2) trainer trial period, (3) beneficiary training, and (4) menstrual cup (MC) trial period of beneficiaries and final evaluation. In addition to the fact that female received …
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Jatoi city has twenty-two urban wards and is located in the Muzaffargarh district of Southern Punjab. The city is a peri-urban area and most of the settlements are informal. Lack of available land is a common issue. The total population of the city is 159,144, according to the 2017 census report. Most houses have their own latrines, and hand washing facilities range from jerry cans to wash …
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WASH in health care facilities is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (ensure healthy lives and promote well-being) and 6 (ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation). Safe water, functioning hand washing facilities, latrines, and hygiene and cleaning practices are especially important for improving …
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To assess the future applicability and appropriateness of the WASHaLOT 3.0, a group washing facility designed to facilitate hygiene activities for many people simultaneously whilst using minimal amounts of water at low cost, the Technology Applicability Framework (TAF) has been applied.
The TAF helps to understand if any technology implemented as a pilot fulfils the criteria for further …
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This manual provides the responsibilities of all sales agents and the tools, strategies and information you need to do so. This manual may be revised occasionally to reflect new policies or procedures. Sales agents will receive revised sections or amendments to the manuals as they are made.
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Since Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is our key intervention for sanitation and hygiene promotion in Malawi, it provides an excellent opportunity to facilitate hand washing behavior change. However, up till now, the “triggering tools” for achieving HWWS behavior change from CLTS have not been well known by implementers in Malawi. The purpose of this document is to outline several …
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Key Messages:
• Inadequate sanitation and hygiene adversely impacts human well-being.
• In Tanzania basic latrine coverage is high but this still constitutes inadequate
sanitation
• Some families continue to defecate in the open
• Handwashing with soap is not practiced consistently or at the key junctures.
• WSP is implementing a project to scale up access to improved sanitation …
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The WASHaLOT 3.0 is a prefabricated handwashing facility that accommodate washing activities of 20 persons at a time. It is currently being used in public schools in the Philippines to address the need for schools to facilitate handwashing prior to eating and thereby establish daily hygiene practice in schools.
The facility has the potential to be used in other contexts such as day care …
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55 Downloads
The WASHaLOT 3.0 is a prefabricated handwashing facility that accommodate washing activities of 20 persons at a time. It is currently being used in public schools in the Philippines to address the need for schools to facilitate handwashing prior to eating and thereby establish daily hygiene practice in schools. The facility has the potential to be used in other contexts such as day care centers, …
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273 Downloads
The 8th Emergency Environmental Health Forum (EEHF) event was hosted by the German WASH Network in close collaboration with the Secretariat of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) at GIZ. The aim of the 2018 EEHF is:
- To share new research and learning
- To discuss new approaches and innovation in the sector
- To bridge silos between WASH and other humanitarian sectors
- To identify …
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On 14 - 18 November 2016, 160 Experts from 16 Asian countries came together in Jakarta to exchange their experience regarding innovative WASH in Schools (WinS) approaches. The 5th WASH in Schools International Learning Exchange (ILE), was hosted by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia – with support from UNICEF and GIZ.
The conference concluded with a general agreement among …
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The manual is intended for use by trainers and training institutions with limited access to formal training facilities and limited experience with advanced training methods. The trainees should have prior experience working in concrete construction and preferably be practicing masons. The manual imparts the most relevant and appropriate skills to masons to enable them to respond to consumer …
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Access to water, sanitation and hygiene promotion is one of the key aspects to securing the health status of populations affected by emergencies and humanitarian crises. The impact of hygiene promotion and washing of hands with soap has wider health implications, as hands are vectors that can transport disease agents from humans to humans, directly or indirectly. Furthermore, the ability to wash …
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An overview of the partnership between Oxfam and Lifebuoy that brings together Oxfam’s humanitarian and public health response experience and Lifebuoy’s behaviour change and communications expertise to demonstrate the positive difference a public-private sector partnership can make in promoting health in vulnerable populations.
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Handwashing with soap is the single most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. Regular handwashing, specifically after using the toilet and before eating should be part of a daily routine in everyone’s life. Schools, kindergardens, day care centers, hospitals, bus-stations, canteens are public places, where handwashing should be made possible for many people at the same time.
In the …
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From 4 – 23 September 2017, the India Santation Coalition under the umbrella of the SuSanA India Chapter organised a thematic online discussion about WASH in Schools in India.
The discussion examined how to improve WinS to a level where boys and girls have separate and adequate toilets, hand-washing facilities, hygiene is addressed in schools, and adolescent girls have usable …
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Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya is the national campaign driving ‘Clean India: Clean Schools’. A key feature of
the campaign is to ensure that every school in India has a set of functioning and well maintained water, sanitation
and hygiene facilities. Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools refers to a combination of technical and human
development components that are necessary to produce …
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The WHO/UNICEF JMP has published its first report of the SDG period, Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. The report introduces and defines the new indicators of safely managed drinking water and sanitation services. Estimates of safely managed drinking water services, the indicator for SDG target 6.1, are presented for 96 countries, while estimates …
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Evidence on Demand was requested by DFID to undertake a rapid desk-based study to assess the level of change in handwashing with soap that could be expected from a successful hygiene promotion intervention in a low or middle-income country setting. As part of this task, a summary of factors that may influence intervention outcomes and
sustainability is provided.
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More than 3·5 million children aged less than 5 years die from diarrhoea and acute lower respiratory-tract infection every year. A randomised controlled trial had been undertaken to assess the effect of handwashing promotion with soap on the incidence of acute respiratory infection, impetigo, and diarrhoea.
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Diarrhoea and respiratory infections are the two biggest causes of child death globally. Handwashing with soap could substantially reduce diarrhoea and respiratory infections, but prevalence of adequate handwashing is low. Through this research it was tested whether a scalable village-level intervention based on emotional drivers of behaviour, rather than knowledge, could improve handwashing …
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This paper presents the general sanitation practices by the traders in a major market in Kuje located in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja and our efforts in reorientating the market stakeholders towards the provision and use of a new dry sanitation toilet complex. The market is known for its diversity in Nigerian ethnicity, culture and the variety of goods and services. A novel toilet …
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This collection contains the resources for both trainers and participants for the Latrine Design and Construction workshop. This five-day workshop is designed for latrine project implementers and masons. In this workshop, participants will learn how to design and construct latrines for low-income communities not connected to a sewerage system. The focus is on designing latrines that are …
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In 2011, one in every four (26%) children under 5 years of age worldwide was stunted. The realization that most stunting cannot be explained by poor diet or by diarrhoea, nor completely reversed by optimized diet and reduced diarrhoea has led to the hypothesis that a primary underlying cause of stunting is subclinical gut disease. Essentially, ingested microbes set in motion two overlapping and …
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The Open Defecation Free (ODF) Malawi 2015 Strategy and National Hand Washing Campaign have been contributing to an increased focus on handwashing with soap (HWWS) in Malawi.1 This is a very positive development!
Some studies estimate that washing hands with soap can reduce diarrhoeal disease rates by up to 50 per cent and respiratory disease rates by up to 25 per cent. This makes handwashing …
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A recent Lancet paper ranked handwashing in 21st place as a leading cause of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) globally, stating: “The finding that no handwashing with soap is a global risk present in all regions is a reminder that this nexus of risks is relevant to all countries, not just the poorest.”
As such, it is important that we continue to seek to both learn more about …
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Behavior change communication for improving handwashing with soap can be labor and resource intensive, yet quality results are difficult to achieve. Nudges are environmental cues engaging unconscious decision-making processes to prompt behavior change. In this proof-of-concept study, we developed an inexpensive set of nudges to encourage handwashing with soap after toilet use in two primary …
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The emergency Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion (WASH) gap analysis project was funded by The Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF), a program managed by Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance (ELRHA) in partnership with the Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action (ALNAP), and is a component of a larger initiative to identify and …
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These five fact sheets about interventions present case studies from Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and Uganda and show the effects of different strategies that were applied in order to achieve behavior changes.
Intervention fact sheet 1:
Achieving long-term use of solar water disinfection in Zimbabwe
Household water treatment can guarantee safe drinking water to prevent diarrhea and cholera. However, …
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The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council Community of Practice on Sanitation and Hygiene in Developing Countries (WSSCC CoP) and the global Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) came together in late September 2015 to hold a joint three-week thematic discussion on sanitation and hygiene behaviour change programming and sustainability. It was the first time the two networks had …
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Handwashing with soap is a highly effective method for reducing the risk of diarrheal disease, yet interventions to alter this behavior often fail or achieve only short-term success. In this paper, we propose that the “science of habit” can partly explain the challenge of handwashing behavior change. Integrating basic science insights from psychology, cognitive science, and behavior change …
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This report presents for the first time a multi-country review of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in health care facilities in 54 low- and middle-income countries. WASH services provide for water availability and quality, presence of sanitation facilities and availability of soap and water for handwashing. The main focus of the results is on water availability as there were very …
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This publication is the second volume of "Making WASH in Schools ore Sustainable". Similar to Volume I, it showcases various approaches, both practical and innovative, to provide sustainable WASH solutions in schools around the world. The stories are not limited to the construction of water and sanitation systems but also show how these systems are operated and maintained through active …
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This report covers the main findings of the impact evaluation conducted of a communityled total sanitation (CLTS) campaign implemented by the government of Mali (Direction Nationale de l’Assainissement) with the support of UNICEF. We conducted a clusterrandomized controlled trial among 121 villages randomly selected from the district of Koulikoro in order to evaluate health and non-health …
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The workshop presented the overarching framework of the WSP FSM study, and focused on key diagnostic tools being developed by GIZ, Emory University and WSP. These tools are designed to: track faecal waste flows (SFDs), assess public health risks (SaniPATH) and assess economic outcomes of interventions (ESI). By using a mix of presentations, case study-based group work and open discussion, the …
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The Third International Faecal Sludge Management Conference was held in Hanoi from the 18th to the 21st of January 2015. More than 700 delegates from around the world shared ideas and discussed challenges and opportunities in on-site sanitation.
Below you find the list of papers in chronological order by day (Day 1-3) and room (room 1-3 ). In order to search by author, simply press "Ctrl+F" …
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In this library entry we have grouped together up to five documents that we think are important "first reading" materials for anyone wishing to obtain a quick overview of this topic. For more details, please see the external links to the discussion forum below.
The documents listed in this library entry in reverse chronological order already exist as individual library entries but have been …
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Understanding that the school environment can enable development of healthy behaviors among children who may not have the same learning opportunity in their homes, schools serve as the center of development. Adapted from the experiences of Filipino NGO, Fit For Schools, this toolkit of effective handwashing tools promotes handwashing programs designed for schools and inspires a healthy learning …
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This library entry contains background documents for a grant that Daniel Yeh is leading and which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Further information and a discussion is available on the SuSanA discussion forum, see link below.
Short description of the project:
The NEWgenerator is a compact and robust resource recovery machine that is paired with pit latrines, septic …
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This library entry contains background documents for a grant that Stephen Mecca is leading and which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Further information and a discussion is available on the SuSanA discussion Forum, see link below.
Short description of the project:
The GCE R6 grant enabled GSAP to bring together the Microflush valve and the Biofil digester, a …
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Establishing schools as enabling places where children can thrive and learn – this is the objective of the Fit for School Approach, an innovative and integrated school health concept that was first developed in the Philippines and has also been introduced in other Southeast Asian countries, namely Cambodia, Indonesia and Laos.
The Fit for School Approach is based on three core principles: …
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The purpose of this working paper is to set out sanitation service levels to be applied as an analytical tool for WASHCost research on the disaggregated unit costs of water, sanitation and hygiene services. It should be read together with Working Paper 2: Ladders for assessing and costing water service delivery1 (Moriarty et al., 2010) which introduces
the concept of service levels, service …
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Diarrhoea is the leading cause of child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and the second largest cause of child deaths globally. The latest available data indicate that in 2008 1.3 million children under the age of five died from diarrhoea, an entirely preventable disease. Hygiene promotion, including handwashing with soap, has been shown to be one of the most effective ways of reducing diarrhoeal …
