Sanitation Library
Total results: 171 of 4436
Searching for information on Sanitation Workers?
The Sanitation Workers Knowledge + Learning Hub is the best source for all current news, trends, articles and updates on sanitation workers rights around the world.
684 Views
13 Downloads
As the largest refugee hosting country in Africa, Uganda currently hosts more than 1.5 million refugees throughout the country. Since 2017, Uganda has been one of the first countries to pilot the implementation of the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF). The CRRF aims to ease pressure on host countries, like Uganda, enhance refugees’ self-reliance, expand access to third-country …
433 Views
2 Downloads
Cyclone Fani hit Odisha on 3 May 2019. The UNICEF WASH team witnessed that the wind speeds were unprecedented and highly destructive, devastating 14 districts. It was found that among the most affected were villages in Puri district. To address this massive emergency, the WASH team at UNICEF Odisha, immediately started working with other organizations to support the government in effectively …
556 Views
7 Downloads
In the aftermath of Cyclone Fani, villages in Odisha were affected with a wide variety of challenges including increased open defecation, damage to toilets and latrines, the loss of key hygiene items, and the contamination of drinking water. The UNICEF WASH team in Odisha held participatory discussions with community members in 20 villages, including Badabenakudi, which revealed that there was an …
561 Views
0 Downloads
In 2019, cyclone Fani devastated Badabenakudi village, leaving its people traumatized. Many locals felt powerless and dependent on others. It was in this context that the UNICEF WASH team in Odisha and the government sought to develop the local capacity of the community and enhance awareness of WASH. UNICEF and its partners worked with the local ASHA (community health worker), schoolteacher, and …
1199 Views
10 Downloads
During COVID-19 in Fiji, UNICEF in conjunction with the Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services
(MoHMS) distributed WASH kits to a target population of those in home isolation. During any emergency
response, UNICEF has a core commitment to ensure accountability to affected population (AAP), and
feedback was sought from recipients on the kit’s suitability and acceptability. However, data …
950 Views
58 Downloads
This Guidance Document on Equipment & Workforce Norms for Managing Waterborne Sanitation in India is prepared keeping in view the Safai-mitra Suraksha Challenge, 2021.
All sanitary structures like sewer and septic tanks which manage sewage are susceptible to getting choked at some point of time due to ingress and settling of solids and require regular cleaning or maintenance. Cleaning of sewer …
707 Views
9 Downloads
This Guidance Document on Equipment & Workforce Norms for Managing Waterborne Sanitation in India
is prepared keeping in view the Safai-mitra Suraksha Challenge, 2021.
All sanitary structures like sewer and septic tanks which manage sewage are susceptible to getting choked at some point of time due to ingress and settling of solids and require regular cleaning or maintenance. Cleaning of sewer …
803 Views
4 Downloads
On 7 April 2020, Tropical Cyclone (TC) Harold caused major infrastructure damage to 43% (128/298) of
schools and 47% (164/349) of ECCE (early childhood care and education) centres in Vanuatu’s Sanma,
Malampa and Penama provinces1. Pentecost, in Penama province, was among the hardest hit with all of
the 23 schools in central and southern zones reported as majorly damaged. Along with efforts …
489 Views
8 Downloads
A very centralized Department of Education (DepED) in the Philippines adopted a decentralized approach by giving all the responsibilities to school principals to adjust the school’s needs and implement a phased approach of the WASH in Schools programme. Since Typhoon Haiyan’s emergency response, addressing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) needs has become a priority for the Education …
720 Views
4 Downloads
Social media has become a surprisingly useful and effective tool in advancing Vanuatu’s national WASH in Schools (WinS) program. In late 2019, Vanuatu’s Ministry of Education and Training (MoET) created the WASH in Schools Vanuatu - WOSH insaet long ol Skul Vanuatu Facebook group as a tool for schools to showcase their WASH activities. With increasing access to low-cost or free Facebook data …
900 Views
12 Downloads
This report presents an overview of practices related to the use of market support and cash and voucher assistance (CVA) modalities for hygiene in humanitarian crises. These market-based approaches can have a number of advantages, such as improving the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency hygiene response while also supporting the existing local market systems that will continue to deliver …
1182 Views
60 Downloads
WASH in Schools aims to support the provision of safe drinking water and improved sanitation facilities, and promotes lifelong health for children and their families. Ensuring access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in every school for every child can be a huge challenge, especially during emergencies. When disaster strikes, education is often disrupted as families become primarily focused …
868 Views
0 Downloads
Humanitarian emergencies increase the risk of transmission of infectious diseases and other health conditions such as severe malnutrition. An effective disease surveillance system is essential to detecting disease outbreaks quickly before they spread, cost lives and become difficult to control. WHO’s Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS) is designed to improve disease outbreak …
940 Views
25 Downloads
There is growing attention to addressing the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) needs of the over 21 million displaced adolescent girls and women globally. Current approaches to MHM-related humanitarian programming often prioritize the provision of menstrual materials and information. However, a critical component of an MHM response includes the construction and maintenance of water, sanitation …
1239 Views
54 Downloads
During emergencies it is important to monitor the impact of Hygiene Promotion including the change in community hygiene practices which can contribute to the reduction of WASH related diseases. Information provided by monitoring can usefully be fed back into future evaluation and planning of Hygiene Promotion projects so the objectives can be adjusted where necessary. It is important that data …
661 Views
4 Downloads
Introduction
Purpose and rationale
Children have made significant and valuable contributions in emergency situations. They have taken on roles and responsibilities and they have taken action – including life-saving decisions. They have responded spontaneously and taken part in planned relief and recovery action. This has included them in protecting lives, providing health care, distributing …
753 Views
12 Downloads
Studies have shown that agencies are failing to properly consult or collect and act on feedback from the users of the latrines they build, leading many people – especially women and girls – to stop using those latrines as they find them inaccessible, unsuitable and/or unsafe. Consequently, this increases public health risks in emergency situations.
To address this, the Oxfam WASH team has …
623 Views
0 Downloads
The rapid influx of Rohingya refugees into Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, has led to the formation of huge camps, built on difficult terrain, short of space and with high population density. All these factors present numerous challenges to agencies seeking to provide latrines, water points, and bathing facilities. Feedback gathered from women and girls highlighted significant challenges around access, …
683 Views
0 Downloads
Tropical Cyclone Winston hit Fiji from 19 to 20 February as a Category 5 system with winds of 220 kmph, gusting up to 325 kmph, and this time through much more populated islands. TC Winston not only was the first Category 5 tropical cyclone of record to hit Fiji, but the strongest tropical cyclone of record in the Southern Hemisphere. The program of activities will look at 4 key outputs: 1) …
693 Views
4 Downloads
Oxfam and Unilever’s Chief Sustainability Office carried out extensive research on handwashing practice in emergency contexts. We found nurture to be one of the most powerful motivators driving handwashing with soap among mothers. Even during a crisis, mothers continue to nurture their children to ensure they go onward in life and succeed in bringing fruition to their efforts and fulfillment to …
871 Views
2 Downloads
Oxfam and Unilever’s Chief Sustainability Office carried out extensive research on handwashing practice in emergency contexts. We found nurture to be one of the most powerful motivators driving handwashing with soap among mothers. Even during a crisis, mothers continue to nurture their children to ensure they go onward in life and succeed in bringing fruition to their efforts and fulfillment to …
573 Views
3 Downloads
Oxfam and Unilever’s Chief Sustainability Office carried out extensive research on handwashing practice in emergency contexts. We found nurture to be one of the most powerful motivators driving handwashing with soap among mothers. Even during a crisis, mothers continue to nurture their children to ensure they go onward in life and succeed in bringing fruition to their efforts and fulfillment …
680 Views
18 Downloads
Handwashing promotion programmes in emergencies are important, as they significantly contribute to the reduction of diarrhoea-related diseases. These programmes traditionally focus on the health benefits of handwashing as a key motivator. Information – in the form of messages – is delivered to beneficiaries about the key times to wash hands and how doing this at certain times can reduce …
496 Views
5 Downloads
It is now well accepted that despite source water being safe, water can be contaminated during transportation and storage and the hygienic handling of water during transport, storage and use is an important aspect of hygiene promotion in all WASH interventions
In an emergency, it may not always be possible to ensure that the source water is clean (within the existing budget or time …
835 Views
24 Downloads
The overall aim of Oxfam’s WASH response in emergencies is to minimise public health risks in relation to water, sanitation and hygiene. This means working more directly with a wide range of people affected by the crisis to better understand them, to motivate them to make positive behaviour changes, and to strengthen their capacity to reduce/prevent public health risks and make their own …
703 Views
9 Downloads
1.1 Why is an assessment methodology necessary?
Assessment is a vital element of the programme-planning process. Assessment provides the information on which decisions will be made. Whilst good information does not guarantee a good programme, poor information almost certainly guarantees a bad one. The use of a standard methodology means that information can be compared with data collected during …
664 Views
34 Downloads
What difference are we making? How do we know? The Good Enough Guide helps busy field workers to address these questions. It offers a set of basic guidelines on how to be accountable to local people and measure programme impact in emergency situations.
Its 'good enough' approach emphasises simple and practical solutions and encourages the user to choose tools that are safe, quick, and easy to …
855 Views
6 Downloads
In the wake of Ebola and in the throes of the Zika outbreak, more focus than ever is on the importance of strong and resilient1 health systems that serve and promote the well-being of individuals, households and communities. Engaging in social and behavior change communication (SBCC) preparedness efforts as part of strengthening a health system, and certainly prior to a critical incident, can …
915 Views
3 Downloads
Most countries in Africa will fall short of meeting the MDG targets for the provision of water and sanitation due to lack of financial and institutional capacity (WSP-Africa, 2006). Although safe sanitation has been found to be the most effective single intervention in reducing diarrhoea (Esrey, et al.1991), this does not necessarily mean building latrines, which can become a fly breeding ground …
615 Views
1 Downloads
One of the worst humanitarian disasters in the world is currently taking place in Northern Uganda where 89% of the population in Gulu District now live in 33 Internally Displaced People’s (IDP) Camps, with low levels of home hygiene and only 5% sanitation coverage. A local NGO, Health Integrated Development Organization (HIDO), has started 116 Community Health Clubs in 15 IDPs camps, with …
665 Views
4 Downloads
Abstract
In humanitarian emergency settings there is need for low cost and rapidly deployable interventions to protect vulnerable children, in- and out-of-school, from diarrhoeal diseases. Handwashing with soap can greatly reduce diarrhoea but interventions specifically targeting children's handwashing behaviour in humanitarian settings have not been tested. Traditional children's handwashing …
529 Views
6 Downloads
This brief provides key considerations for engaging communities on COVID-19 and tips for how to engage where there are movement restrictions and physical distancing measures in place, particularly in low-resource settings. It is designed for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), UN agencies, government agencies, and other humanitarian and implementing actors working on health promotion, risk …
890 Views
31 Downloads
PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND
WHO recognizes that effective, integrated and coordinated communication is integral to carrying out WHO’s goal to build a better, healthier future for people all over the world. The purpose of this Framework is to describe a strategic approach for effectively communicating WHO information, advice and guidance across a broad range of health issues: from chronic health …
568 Views
5 Downloads
This guide provides practical guidance for governments regarding how to effectively communicate with communities during the recovery phase following an emergency. It explains how to identify communication needs and presents best fit communication methods and strategies to deploy to support disaster recovery frameworks (DRF) and recovery strategies. For the purposes of this guide, recovery …
869 Views
13 Downloads
What is Crisis and Emergency Risk Communications (CERC)? The Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) manual provides an evidence-based framework and best practices for anyone who communicates on behalfof an organization responding to a public health emergency.1 CERC is built around psychological and communication sciences, studies in the field of …
731 Views
8 Downloads
The intent of this guidance note is to increase awareness among CARE’s WASH practitioners of gender issues, ensuring emergency WASH programs are viewed with a gender lens. The content is not original, rather an amalgamation of various guidance and best practice, distilled here to provide a more concise reference tool for CARE’s WASH staff to meet minimum WASH and gender equality standards.
611 Views
9 Downloads
Many specialists from the fields of communication and disaster management from Latin America and the Caribbean participated in developing this manual. The contents were tested and adapted under actual emergency and disaster conditions. The final product reflects consensus among the experts about the most important uses of information and communication in emergency situations. This manual focuses …
766 Views
17 Downloads
During more than 20 years of civil conflict in both Somalia and South Sudan, sanitation interventions were mostly limited to construction of emergency latrines for affected populations or education on sanitation and hygiene, using the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) approach, followed by fully subsidised latrine programmes for selected households.
There is little …
805 Views
13 Downloads
Needs assessment is essential for programme planning, monitoring and evaluation, and accountability, however needs assessment is still a critical weakness of humanitarian response. Organizations urgently need to improve how they do assessments. ACAPS and the Emergency Capacity Building Project (ECB) have produced this guide to fill the gap that existed for a practical resource that pulls together …
1220 Views
86 Downloads
Collection, collation, analysis, and synthesis of qualitative and quantitative information, gathered and analysed using appropriate sources, tools, and methods is the cornerstone of rapid needs assessments that allows decision makers to plan a timely, appropriate, and coordinated emergency response.
687 Views
24 Downloads
There is no shortage of questionnaires used during emergencies that are too long, overly complex or unable to generate useful responses. The art of developing an effective questionnaire is the topic of master degrees and doctorates. The questionnaire is a critical tool in humanitarian response and requires time, resources and a detailed understanding of the context, factors which are all in short …
432 Views
4 Downloads
The purpose of Including Children with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action is to strengthen the inclusion of children and women with disabilities, and their families, in emergency preparedness, response and early recovery, and recovery and reconstruction. This series of booklets provides insight into the situation of children with disabilities in humanitarian contexts, highlights the ways in …
558 Views
6 Downloads
Our vision is a world in which every child affected by an emergency wherever she/he is – at home or displaced; in schools; and in health institutions – has the right and access to safe water supply and adequate sanitation facilities and is enabled to perform basic hygiene.
This operational guidance outlines the role Humanitarian WASH will play within Save the Children 2019-2021 strategy. The …
993 Views
4 Downloads
Humanitarian aid is largely guided by anecdotes rather than evidence. Currently, the humanitarian system shows significant weaknesses in data collection, analysis and response in all stages of a crisis or emergency. As a result, the present humanitarian system is much less evidence-driven than it should be and than it would like to be.
To ensure that vulnerabilities, needs and access to …
902 Views
23 Downloads
It is well recognised that good communication and participation are prerequisites for successful community engagement in development and humanitarian action. We need more sustained dialogue and meaningful interaction with the people we serve so that they can take informed decisions and play an active or lead role in the aid they receive. So how do we get better at working alongside people …
630 Views
3 Downloads
‘Advocacy' is a set of coordinated activities (ideally contributing to a broader strategy) that seeks to ensure the protection of persons who are of concern to UNHCR by promoting changes that bring policy, practice or law into line with international standards. UNHCR and its partners undertake advocacy of various kinds, including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing …
697 Views
2 Downloads
This interagency handbook was developed to set out effective malaria control responses in humanitarian emergencies, particularly during the acute phase when reliance on international humanitarian assistance is greatest. It provides policy-makers, planners, and field coordinators with practical advice on designing and implementing measures to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in both man-made …
565 Views
9 Downloads
There is an increasing awareness among humanitarian actors, including those within the Red Cross Red Crescent (RCRC) Movement, of the importance of improving environmental sustainability of programming and operations. Many are recognising that the deteriorating state of the environment can often be a trigger for crises and disasters. There is an urgent need to break the cycle between conflicts, …
426 Views
1 Downloads
What is trust? Why is it important in emergency-response teams? Humanitarian practitioners identify trust as one of the most important factors in launching timely and effective emergency responses.
Building Trust in Diverse Teams can be used throughout the cycle of an emergency response and features a Trust Index, to assess and measure trust within diverse teams, and ten trust-building tools …
319 Views
4 Downloads
The UNHCR WASH Manual (7th Edition, February 2020) is the result of an open and collaborative process with WASH actors who have active programmes supporting refugees. It has been written primarily for use by UNHCR staff, WASH actors, national governmental authorities, emergency response coordinating bodies, contingency planners, programme evaluators, and is a useful reference for any individuals …
4879 Views
920 Downloads
Handwashing Facilities - Overview and Decision Support Tool with Case Studies from Uganda
The objectives of this publication are twofold. The first objective is to give an overview of common types of handwashing facilities with a number of key aspects that need to be considered during the planning stage. Focus is placed on handwashing facilities that are generally suitable for installation at …
767 Views
9 Downloads
This learning document is a collection of experiences from Red Cross Red Crescent National Societies in menstrual hygiene management (MHM). Experiences from both emergency contexts and long-term programming are included. The aim is to give practical “how to” recommendations, tips that National Societies have learnt, and tools developed through implementing MHM programmes which others can …
715 Views
37 Downloads
These guidelines outline a step-by-step process for Red Cross Red Crescent staff and volunteers to plan and implement effective, context appropriate hygiene promotion, without taking shortcuts or delivering ‘hygiene messages’. The guidelines provide National Societies with a standard approach for quality assurance, and an opportunity for more effective training and monitoring.
528 Views
17 Downloads
The Compendium of Water Supply Technologies in Emergencies offers a comprehensive and structured manual and planning guide on available water supply technology options in humanitarian settings. It disaggregates technologies into their functional components, clarifies terminology and provides guidance for identifying the most appropriate water supply technology solutions in a given context and for …
874 Views
62 Downloads
The purpose of this book is to increase the effectiveness of relief works in providing humanitarian assistance during an emergency. To achieve this purpose, the book provides practical information relevant to the field workers, with a minimum of supporting theoretical background. The book does not aim to set out specific policy guidelines relating to humanitarian assistance- each agency will have …
770 Views
7 Downloads
Clean water provision is a critical component of emergency response, and chlorination is widely used in emergencies to treat water. To provide responders with practical, evidencebased recommendations for implementing chlorination programmes and recommend areas for future research, we conducted a literature review of chlorination in emergencies, supplemented with a literature review on …
485 Views
1 Downloads
Persons with disabilities often experience discrimination and exclusion, despite the adoption of an increasingly rights-based approach to humanitarian assistance. The past three decades have witnessed a growing awareness of disability issues and the emergence and spread of disabled people’s organisations.
The growing awareness must be accompanied by practical measures to identify and reduce …
515 Views
0 Downloads
This document provides guidance for practitioners on conducting market analysis before the onset of an
anticipated crisis using an adaptation of existing post-crisis market assessment tools. Recommendations stemming from this analysis could be used to inform preparedness and DRR programming decision making as well as future emergency responses. This guidance focuses on markets, with the …
488 Views
7 Downloads
Roughing filtration is a simple, efficient and chemical free water treatment method for turbidity removal; it can be used as a pre-treatment method prior to slow sand filters or disinfection with chlorine. The main disadvantage of roughing filtration for use in emergency situations is that it uses gravel as a filter medium. Gravel may be unavailable or difficult to transport because of its …
780 Views
49 Downloads
It is always better to use water from a clean source that’s stored in a safe way. However, this is not always possible, especially in an emergency. Something may have made the source unclean or unusable. Or a population may
not have access to clean containers or practice good hygiene behaviour. One approach to this problem is treating water at the household level. This is often a temporary …
724 Views
4 Downloads
Water is essential to life, health and dignity and access to it is a basic human right. All refugees should have assured access to adequate water of good quality, to sanitation facilities, and hygiene promotion practices. In emergencies a WASH response is critical, to reduce mortality and morbidity, and enhance refugees' protection, dignity and quality of life.
It is vital to monitor water …
948 Views
9 Downloads
Many of the most common diseases found in traumatized communities after a disaster or emergency are related to drinking contaminated water. The contamination can be from micro-organisms (Table 1) or natural and man made chemicals (Table 2). This fact sheet concentrates on the problems caused by drinking water contaminated by micro-organisms as these are by far the most common and can be reduced …
1673 Views
130 Downloads
The Multi-Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) is a joint needs assessment tool that can be used in sudden onset emergencies, including IASC System-Wide Level 3 Emergency Responses (L3 Responses). The IASC Transformative Agenda recognized the critical role of needs assessment as a basis for overall and cluster strategy development; agreed that needs assessment should be well …
751 Views
6 Downloads
These guidelines have been designed to help those involved in the assessment of emergency water sources to collect relevant information in a systematic way, to use this information to select a source or sources and to determine the appropriate level of treatment required to make the water suitable for drinking.
The guidelines, however, are not limited to the selection and treatment of water …
774 Views
69 Downloads
The WASH Cluster Coordination Handbook aims to assist in achieving effective coordination among WASH Cluster actors and contribute to the overall Global WASH Cluster goal of improving the predictability, timeliness, and effectiveness of a comprehensive WASH response to humanitarian crises. Developed primarily to support the role of the WASH Cluster Coordinator (WCC), the content builds on …
858 Views
4 Downloads
Cholera is on the rise with an estimated 1.4 billion people at risk in endemic countries and an estimated 3 million to 5 million cases and 100,000-120,000 deaths per year worldwide. In many endemic countries, children under 5 account for more than half of the global incidence and deaths. Cholera has remained endemic in some Asian countries for centuries, has become endemic in an increasing number …
764 Views
8 Downloads
The purpose of Including Children with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action is to strengthen the inclusion of children and women with disabilities and their families in emergency preparedness, response and early recovery, and recovery and reconstruction. This series of booklets provides insight into the situation of children with disabilities in humanitarian contexts, highlight the ways in which …
1355 Views
11 Downloads
Flooding, earthquakes, civil unrest and other natural and man-made disasters often cause damage to hand-dug wells. This technical note sets out the actions needed to repair and rehabilitate a hand-dug well so that it can be returned to its former condition. The emergency repair and rehabilitation measures proposed are temporary and should be followed by measures for permanent rehabilitation.
1019 Views
22 Downloads
In an emergency situation, it is often necessary to quickly provide a basic water supply for the affected population. This may be because the normal systems of supply have been damaged or destroyed. The most common, immediate solution is to hire vehicles and tanks that have been used for other purposes or to retrieve collapsible tanks from an emergency store. In either case, they must be cleaned …
525 Views
3 Downloads
Emergency water treatment approaches relying on coagulation vary from centralised modular and portable ‘‘kits’’ to ‘‘pointof-use’’ or ‘‘household’’ interventions. Typical coagulation practice in emergencies is reviewed in view of field constraints (e.g. equipment and resources) and contrasted with underlying theory and conventional water treatment procedures. Examples of …
862 Views
8 Downloads
Human rights underpin all aspects of UNHCR’s international protection work and provide a basic normative framework governing UNHCR’s protection and asistance activities, including in support to access water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services. UNHCR supports the full implementation by States of their obligations under international and human rights law as provided for, inter alia, in the …
598 Views
1 Downloads
Humanitarian assistance and development cooperation pursue different aims and follow different principles. Their separation – while important to protect the independence of humanitarian action – has negative side effects. This paper seeks to contribute to the international debate by clarifying concepts, analyzing these effects and exploring donor strategies for addressing them.
The state …
909 Views
9 Downloads
Contamination of drinking water by microorganisms and arsenic represents a major human health hazard in many parts of the world. An estimated 3.4 million deaths a year are attributable to waterborne diseases. Arsenic poisoning from contaminated water sources is causing a major health emergency in some countries such as Bangladesh where 35 to 77 million people are at risk.
The World Health …
590 Views
4 Downloads
From the 24 – 28 March 2014, RedR held a pilot course for 24 WASH experts on the subject of
addressing the social, institutional and technical gaps that currently exist for water, sanitation and
hygiene provision in the urban emergency context. This document, produced as a partnership
between ALNAP and RedR, captures the key messages, lessons and experiences of both course
facilitators …
1218 Views
15 Downloads
As the quality of water can be seriously affected by a disaster or an emergency, it is best practice to disinfect all emergency water supplies. The most common way of disinfecting is with chlorine. This technical note explains why disinfection is important, why chlorine is used, how it works, how to test for its presence and where and when to test.
779 Views
106 Downloads
Water tankering (also known as water trucking) can be a rapid means of transporting water to areas in need during the initial phase of an emergency. Tankering operations, however, are expensive and relatively time-consuming to administer. This technical note considers key issues relating to the effective and efficient use of tankers during an emergency.
832 Views
4 Downloads
The promotion and uptake of effective handwashing practices are critical in ensuring the health of populations affected by emergencies and humanitarian crises. Along with general public health benefits, handwashing can reduce the risk of diarrhoeal disease by up to 50% (Curtis and Cairncross, 2003; Fewtrell et al., 2005; Luby et al., 2005). Handwashing with soap is recognised as an easy, …
774 Views
5 Downloads
UNICEF was part of the front-line response to the 2018 floods and their devastating consequences in the Indian State of Kerala. UNICEF’s work focussed on supporting WASH services and equipment in affected communities. UNICEF, with the support of national and regional-level administrations, local non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community-level organisations as well as national and local …
565 Views
21 Downloads
The Plus Codes are a unique solution, a digital address given to every location on earth. Shelter Associates and UNICEF partnered to map social and basic services of the slum settlements with unique location codes. This location code can be used on Google Maps and will allow slum residents to access services such as postal, emergency services, gas cylinders and other online services. In addition …
2713 Views
116 Downloads
El coronavirus COVID-19 está causando estragos en la economía y los sistemas de salud a nivel global, sin embargo existen esfuerzos de diferentes organizaciones que dan frutos en el intento de contener esta emergencia internacional que ya fue declarada como pandemia.
¿Como podemos influir en el comportamiento de las personas? ¿Qué buenas prácticas se pueden aplicar para proteger al …
2446 Views
92 Downloads
In Uganda approximately 86% of South Sudanese refugee arrivals are women and children (UNHCR, 2017a). Globally, girls and women often lack the ability to manage their menstruation with dignity due to lack of adequate and private facilities, safe, acceptable and accessible menstrual health products and knowledge, which can be further exacerbated during conflict and displacement. Menstrual health …
2723 Views
82 Downloads
Sphere and its partner standards can guide our response. In situations of insecurity with the danger of misinformation and stigmatisation, it is important to understand and apply the most important and basic principles and actions to help limit the spread of the virus. There are tools from the humanitarian sector that can directly support your COVID-19 response. The sector has been gathering …
1840 Views
93 Downloads
With increased urbanization and regulatory scrutiny, the ability of humanitarian agencies to use the simple pit latrine to safely manage human waste in emergencies will decline. When a latrine is not suitable, the response options become exponentially more complicated. Different toilets must be constructed. The contents must then be removed and treated. This is as complicated and expensive as it …
1103 Views
34 Downloads
The 9th Emergency Environmental Health Forum took place from 18th -19th 2019 in Geneva, Switzerland. It brought together water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) experts. The forum provided an opportunity to exchange recent field experiences and explore innovative approaches amongst over 110 attendees and discuss ways for future action and interventions for WASH in emergencies.
EEHF 2019 …
3872 Views
179 Downloads
On behalf of Oxfam, Arup have conducted a technical comparison study on Faecal Sludge Management at the Rohingya camps close to Cox's Bazar (CXB), Bangladesh. The aim of the study is to draw conclusions on best practice FSM for disaster relief, from evidence gathered through practical experience. The study used existing available data to inform the analysis and in many cases these datasets are …
1190 Views
74 Downloads
This compendium presents a range of technical options relating for collection, transport, treatment and disposal of fecal sludge in an emergency . It should be used as a guide to identify possible solutions for specific emergency situations and contexts. The final choice of options may need to combine different approaches and technologies and will depend on the phase of the emergency.
Each …
3082 Views
184 Downloads
Urban population growth in many developing countries outpaces gains in improved sanitation access and services. In such circumstances, the traditional approach to urban sanitation, premised on extending sewerage networks and building wastewater treatment (WWT) plants, will not be sufficient to deliver citywide sanitation services for all. Alternative approaches are needed to deliver adequate and …
2154 Views
210 Downloads
The WASH Innovation Catalogue is divided into thematic sections, each introduced through a short summary of the problem drawing on our 2013 Gap Analysis on Emergency Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion and subsequent Problem Exploration Reports. Many of the innovations featured have been supported through our targeted Funding Challenges which directly responded to the priority problems …
2683 Views
73 Downloads
WHO and UNICEF, working with the Global Task Team for monitoring WASH in health care facilities (HCF), have developed a set of core questions and indicators for WASH in HCF, in support of monitoring WASH in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The indicators include definitions for basic water, sanitation, hand hygiene, health care waste management, and environmental cleaning services. …
1164 Views
0 Downloads
WEDC conference papers are an important source for learning about WASH innovations and lessons learned in the field and more than 150 papers were accepted for the 2018 WEDC conference.
Below are titles of the Emergency WASH papers (for the link see below):
- Designing evidence-based and context-specific hygiene programs in emergencies: could there be an app for that?
- Shedding light on …
1628 Views
85 Downloads
WHO’s 13th General Programme of Work (GPW) 2019–2023 describes how the Organization’s work will contribute to the health of three billion: one billion becoming “healthier populations” through multisectoral actions and addressing environmental risk factors and health determinants; one billion benefiting from better emergency preparedness and response; and one billion with universal …
1558 Views
120 Downloads
There are increasing numbers of people affected by natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and conflict. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions are used in nearly all emergency responses to help reduce disease risk. However, there is a lack of summarized evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions. We conducted a systematic review of the published and grey …
1447 Views
3 Downloads
UNICEF Syria Crisis Situation Report - 2017 Humanitarian Results
- The conflict in Syria continues to drive the largest refugee crisis in the world, with 5.4 million Syrian refugees registered in the region. Nearly half (48%) are children. About 92% of Syrian refugees live in host communities in very precarious living conditions.
- In line with the No Lost Generation Initiative, UNICEF …
1574 Views
37 Downloads
Several major donors are now looking for “value for money” in all WaSH emergency programmes. Therefore in order to justify the cost of Oxfam’s selected latrine design not only should initial construction cost be considered but also the on- going operation & maintenance costs to ensure that we are providing “value for money” in phase of emergency and the long run.
In saying this, …
1028 Views
23 Downloads
The Event Report of 2018’s Emergency Environmental Health Forum, which took place in Berlin, summarises all the presentations, keynote speeches, panel discussions and recent key findings from practice and academia. New research and innovations in the sanitation sector were presented and approaches elaborated that aim at bridging knowledge silos between WASH and other humanitarian sectors. The …
4793 Views
273 Downloads
The 8th Emergency Environmental Health Forum (EEHF) event was hosted by the German WASH Network in close collaboration with the Secretariat of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) at GIZ. The aim of the 2018 EEHF is:
- To share new research and learning
- To discuss new approaches and innovation in the sector
- To bridge silos between WASH and other humanitarian sectors
- To identify …
1660 Views
71 Downloads
In November of 2013, Typhoon Haiyan struck the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines devastating homes and families in its path. The response by the government and international community was swift as shelter kits were distributed and “bunkhouse-style” temporary housing built for displaced persons. As these needs were met, new problems emerged, among them was how to properly manage the …
1554 Views
17 Downloads
This issue of Frontiers of CLTS draws on the experiences of relief and development agencies which have facilitated CLTS in post-emergency and FCAS contexts. Its purpose is to contribute to understanding, and distil learning and guidance around the application of CLTS in these situations. It explores the question: How, when, and in what circumstances can a CLTSstyle process of analysis, action, …
3461 Views
161 Downloads
This research aims to contribute a small part towards larger efforts building credible evidence and increasing understanding of the current proven solutions in the emergency context through two components. The first component aims to investigate and compile what options have been proven for applications in the emergency context. The second component aims to understand what are the driving forces …
2182 Views
4 Downloads
This review aimed to get a better understanding of the extent and effectiveness of non-food item (NFI) distributions in Oxfam programmes, in order to develop recommendations for programme policy and guidance to maximize the impact of NFI distributions or alternatives in future responses. Documentation relating to 15 recent WASH responses was examined and key informant interviews were conducted …
1008 Views
36 Downloads
The 2-days workshop "Identifying gaps in emergency sanitation - Design of new kits to increase effectiveness in emergencies" took place in Stoutenburg, the Netherlands from 22-23 Feb 2011.
As a response to insufficient sanitation solutions deployed in the emergency situations, emergency and sanitation practitioners from different key organisations came together in Stoutenburg to discuss on how …
9239 Views
965 Downloads
Appropriate and adequate sanitation solutions are crucial for the protection of human health in emergencies. In recent years there has been an increasing number of sanitation innovations, appropriate for a variety of humanitarian contexts and a stronger sector focus on the entire sanitation service chain (from the toilet via collection and conveyance to the final treatment and safe disposal …
1852 Views
48 Downloads
High-level experts from the sanitation and nutrition sector gathered together in the headquarter of Germany’s international broadcaster Deutsche Welle, Bonn for the WASH and Nutrition Forum on November 11th and 12th to discuss strategies for integrating WASH and nutrition programming in development and humanitarian contexts.
1326 Views
10 Downloads
This document provides guidance for practitioners on conducting market analysis before the onset of an anticipated crisis using an adaptation of existing post-crisis market assessment tools. Recommendations stemming from this analysis could be used to inform preparedness and DRR programming decision making as well as future emergency responses. This guidance focuses on markets, with the objective …
1377 Views
7 Downloads
Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) is a set of tools (this toolkit) and guidance notes (the reference manual on CD-ROM). It encourages and assists front-line humanitarian staff in sudden-onset emergencies to better understand, accommodate, and make use of market systems. It does not offer a simplistic blue-print for action. However, EMMA does provide accessible, relevant guidance to …
2533 Views
94 Downloads
The toolkit was designed to support a range of humanitarian actors involved in the planning and delivery of emergency responses. The guidance is therefore aimed to support 1) program staff directly delivering services; 2) program supervisors and country-level staff responsible for designing, coordinating and monitoring field activities, and 3) technical staff, focused on providing technical …
1777 Views
30 Downloads
UNICEF currently provides strategic technical support and guidance, surge capacity, training, supplies and logistical support for cholera and diarrhoeal disease outbreak prevention, preparedness and response worldwide. Its multi-sector approach – health, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), nutrition, education, protection and other sectors as well as services for emergency operations and …
1405 Views
26 Downloads
Effective drainage is important in emergencies when there is a risk of flooding or there is a risk of poor environmental health conditions developing from standing water, muddy conditions, or erosion. It would not usually be the first priority in the initial stages of an emergency, but should be considered after the immediate water, sanitation and hygiene needs have been met. Sites which have …
1788 Views
35 Downloads
Providing safe excreta collection and disposal in emergency situations has remained one of the most urgent priorities in the disaster relief effort. This is because of the high risk to human health that exposed and unsanitized human excreta pose. With an increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters in recent years, humanitarian aid and related organisations worldwide are currently …
1752 Views
41 Downloads
In an emergency situation, the collection, treatment and disposal of the human excreta and waste in a safe way is one of the biggest challenges to face, regardless the type of disaster. When it comes to faecal sludge management, the traditional desludging methods can often not be appropriate in an acute emergency phase. Consequently, relief organisations aim to apply new and simple approaches and …
2112 Views
37 Downloads
In this research, three faecal sludge sanitizing methods—lactic acid fermentation, urea treatment and lime treatment—were studied for application in emergency situations. These methods were investigated by undertaking small scale field trials with pit latrine sludge in Blantyre, Malawi. Hydrated lime was able to reduce the E. coli count in the sludge to below the detectable limit within 1 h …
1090 Views
6 Downloads
Within S(P)EEDKITS, workpackage WP3- “watsan” (water and sanitation) focuses on the development of flexible sanitation solutions suited for emergency cases and on low cost water kits that help to generate, transport and store (potable) water. Focus in both domains is on the easy deployment of the kits. This document reports on the prototypes for the various watsan kits and the outcome of the …
1543 Views
33 Downloads
Pit latrine linings for emergency sanitation facilities require different performance criteria from those for pits used in longer-term development work. Various international initiatives are currently under way to develop new methods of supporting the pits used for latrines in emergencies, but before a solution can be found, the problem needs to be defined. Current field guidance lacks the level …
1768 Views
38 Downloads
Perceptions of what constitutes an ‘emergency’ vary between personnel and between organisations. Generally, an emergency may be considered to be the result of a man-made and/or natural disaster, whereby there is a serious, often sudden, threat to the health of the affected community which has great difficulty in coping without external assistance.
This book has been written to help all …
2542 Views
97 Downloads
Approximately 360,000 Syrian refugees have found shelter in some 5,000 informal tented settlements in Lebanon’s Bekaa Valley resulting from the refugee crisis in Syria.
Seven years into the Syria crisis, the context has changed from emergency to a transitional stabilization phase.
Many humanitarian agencies have provided WASH services to the refugees, however a significant share of the …
5028 Views
338 Downloads
An overview of the partnership between Oxfam and Lifebuoy that brings together Oxfam’s humanitarian and public health response experience and Lifebuoy’s behaviour change and communications expertise to demonstrate the positive difference a public-private sector partnership can make in promoting health in vulnerable populations.
2796 Views
234 Downloads
Medium- and long-term planning for an adequate and safe supply of drinking-water should be set in the context of growing external uncertainties arising from changes in the climate and environment. The water safety plan (WSP) process offers a systematic framework to manage these risks by considering the implications of climate variability and change.
This document provides guidance on how …
2407 Views
13 Downloads
Syrian refugees living in informal tented settlements (ITS) are in an especially difficult position, being at the
back of the proverbial queue for public water and other unregulated water sources. To alleviate the problem
of water sourcing for refugees, humanitarian aid agencies have been delivering water by trucks. While this
has ensured Syrians have adequate and, importantly, …
1806 Views
0 Downloads
Monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning was identified as a gap by the Global WaSH Cluster’s technical working group in WASH markets. More evidence is needed to prove or disprove assumptions and perceptions around effectiveness and efficiency of programme delivery and contribution of the responses towards market recovery.
In order to enable comparative analysis between different …
1835 Views
26 Downloads
La présente stratégie régionale mise à jour en 2015 a été lancée en 2012 face à la crise nutritionnelle et alimentaire au Sahel, révisée lors du processus de consultation en 2014, elle reste une orientation intersectorielle adaptable aux spécificités nationales et locales de chaque pays.
French title: Stratégie - Groupe Régional WASH, Afrique l'Ouest et Centrale
10663 Views
310 Downloads
During the immediate phase of an emergency in an urban context, the implementation of sanitation programmes takes a long time to provide suitable and sufficient facilities for the affected population.
While the emergency response for drinking water programmes has been improved with the design of standardised, rapid deployment kits, sanitation programmes in urban areas are limited to very few …
10535 Views
243 Downloads
The emergency Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion (WASH) gap analysis project was funded by The Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF), a program managed by Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance (ELRHA) in partnership with the Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action (ALNAP), and is a component of a larger initiative to identify and …
4038 Views
79 Downloads
From the 24 – 28 March 2014, RedR held a pilot course for 24 WASH experts on the subject of addressing the social, institutional and technical gaps that currently exist for water, sanitation and hygiene provision in the urban emergency context.
This document, produced as a partnership between ALNAP and RedR, captures the key messages, lessons and experiences of both course facilitators and …
6631 Views
303 Downloads
This guide presents a toilet system that you can do yourself without relying on a coordinated and timely response by someone else. This system served after earthquakes destroyed sanitation systems in Haiti and New Zealand. This guide is for planning ahead and preparing kits, whether for yourself, your household, your apartment building, or your block. This flexible system is built around …
3583 Views
32 Downloads
Resource recovery is important to consider before choosing a method for faecal sludge treatment and management, to ensure technologies are adequately and appropriately designed to produce resource recovery products. The workshop covered a wide range of resource recovery opportunities from faecal sludge including composting, vermicomposting, protein, fodder and plants, building materials and …
9914 Views
0 Downloads
The Third International Faecal Sludge Management Conference was held in Hanoi from the 18th to the 21st of January 2015. More than 700 delegates from around the world shared ideas and discussed challenges and opportunities in on-site sanitation.
Below you find the list of papers in chronological order by day (Day 1-3) and room (room 1-3 ). In order to search by author, simply press "Ctrl+F" …
9049 Views
466 Downloads
Over 500 million people in the world are disabled, the majority of whom live in poverty in low-income communities. A major contributing factor to the poverty of disabled people is their lack of access to sanitation and safe water. The Millennium Development Goals of poverty reduction, health and access to safe water and sanitation will be difficult to achieve equitably without addressing the …
5356 Views
193 Downloads
This paper aims to provide some practical guidance on how water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes can be more nutrition-sensitive and how nutrition programmes can incorporate more WASH aspects. It should be useful for all project staff working in nutrition and WASH programmes when WASH and/or a nutrition programme are in operation.
5121 Views
113 Downloads
The Emergency Sanitation Project (ESP) aims to increase the global understanding of current and future emergency sanitation solutions and to propose new concepts and modular technologies for safe excreta disposal and hygiene in emergency settings that are applicable in a variety of situations and contexts.
This report summarizes progress of the ESP’s work funded by the US Office for Foreign …
7853 Views
723 Downloads
Emergency camp’s sanitation infrastructure is often inadequate and the risks to people’s health become extreme. Governments, NGOs and Humanitarian organisations are fully aware of these problems and the fact that the basic pit latrine design has not been improved upon in decades which aggravated those problems even more.
This is especially applicable for camps packed with tens of thousands …
5511 Views
78 Downloads
The presentation concludes that "Portaloo" is replicable for a short term period, if a treatment plant is available for safe disposal of the sludge and if the equipment is available in country. It should not also put focus on monitoring the trucks and “hot line” or complain mechanism for the users. The presentation was held at the WECD conference July 2011 in Loughborough, England.
