Sanitation Library
Total results: 4436
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The Sanitation Workers Knowledge + Learning Hub is the best source for all current news, trends, articles and updates on sanitation workers rights around the world.
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Children under five years can represent up to 20% of the population. In some cases children under 18 years may represent over 50% of the population. They are thus major stakeholders in all humanitarian programmes. This briefing describes the practical issues that need to be considered when involving children in humanitarian WASH programmes.
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‘Advocacy' is a set of coordinated activities (ideally contributing to a broader strategy) that seeks to ensure the protection of persons who are of concern to UNHCR by promoting changes that bring policy, practice or law into line with international standards. UNHCR and its partners undertake advocacy of various kinds, including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing …
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There is currently a general acceptance within the humanitarian sector that market analysis should form a core part of the assessment process after crises, to inform the response options analysis and programme design. This is evidenced by the appearance of market analysis in broader tools such as the Multi Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) and the CaLP Minimum Requirements for Market …
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This study originated within the Solar Buildings Program at the U.S. Department of Energy. Its goal is to
assess the potential for solar thennal water disinfection in developing countries. In order to assess solar
thennal potential, the alternatives must be clearly understood and compared. The objectives of the study are
to: a) characterize the developing world disinfection needs and market; …
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The OSEC® (On Site Electrolytic Chlorination) hypochlorite generationequipment described in this manual is designed for the continuous production of sodium hypochlorite from brine. The sodium hypochlorite isused in the disinfection of water supplies, being an alternative to the useof gaseous chlorination. The sodium hypochlorite produced by the OSECmethod is of much lower concentration than …
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Access to adequate water, sanitation, drainage and solid waste disposal are four inter-related basic needs which impact significantly on socio-economic development and quality of life. The number of people around the world who still do not have access to these basic facilities, despite enormous global effort over more than two decades,
provides sufficient evidence that conventional approaches …
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Life skills-based hygiene education offers teachers the opportunity to help children obtain life skills by addressing hygiene issues. IRC is pleased to present this guidance document for the planning and development of life skills based education. It was prepared with financial support from UNICEF. It builds among others on the outcomes of the first life skills-based hygiene education workshop …
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples …
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The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much …
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This document provides information on generic types of onsi te wastewater treatment and disposal systems. It contains neither standards for those systems nor rules and regulations pertaining to onsite systems. The design information presented herein is intended as technical guidance reflective of sound, professional practice. The intended audience for the manual includes those involved in the …
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This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the septic tank and septic systems. Information on design and functional aspects, and environmental effects of septic tank systems are presented. In addition, some important research needs as reported in the literature are pinpointed. It should be noted that this review paper contains neither standards nor rules and regulations pertaining to septic …
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This Discussion Paper provides guidelines that will enable a design engineer to make a rational selection of the VIP latrine design option most appropriate to the community for which he is responsible. The designer is aiming at a technical choice that will be affordable to the householder and will give the best long-term service at the least cost. It is assumed for the purpose of this paper that …
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Excreta constitute a valuable source of nutrients. In many countries (e.g. China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Indonesia) they are traditionally and widely used to fertilize fields and ponds where fish and aquatic vegetables are grown. In these areas, faecal wastes carry considerable economic importance. This may increase in the years to come elsewhere too as a result of the growing cost of mineral …
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This report describes field tests of three prototype pit latrine emptying systems, a hand operated diaphgram pump and two vacuum tankers in regular service in Africa. Numerous sludge samples were taken and their viscosities and compositions measured to establish limits for the types of sludges that can be removed by each system.
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The traditional solution to providing sanitation facilities in urban areas has been conventional sewerage, but this technology is so expensive that it is not generally affordable by low-income communities. World Bank research has shown that full health benefits can be obtained through the use of a variety of lower-cost alternative sanitation technologies. Although the user convenience level of …
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The potential of using renewable energy sources (solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass energy) to power water pumping systems for rural water supply is receiving increased attention. Assessment and selection of these
energy sources and pumping systems require careful analysis of a wide range of factors. This book provides guidance and information to support the systematic consideration …
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The burgeoning study of social support in relation to social stress and health would benefit from increased attention to issues of social structure. Three aspects of social relationships, all often referred to as social support, must be more clearly distinguished—(1) their existence or quantity (i.e., social integration), (2) their formal structure (i.e., social networks), and (3) their …
